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Society, environment and energy > Facts > Flashcards

Facts Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what % of total GHG emissions in UK come from energy

A

80%

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2
Q

where is one of the most fuel poor places in the country

A

south west

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3
Q

Growing consensus on climate change

A

19th cent - climate physics established
1900s - co2 in atmosphere and aerosols in arctic
1950s - evidence accumulates
1970s - more evidence
1980s - international consensus. IPCC established
1990s - more scientists agree
today - widespread consensus

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4
Q

where is media most consumed?

A

online - from 2016, overtaking tv

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5
Q

when was the first agriultural revolution and what was its effects

A 
10,000bc
shift to agriculture
stable flow of energy
domestication of animals and crops
manipulate watercourses
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6
Q

2nd agricultural revolution and effects

A

1700s-1900s
innovations interact
rapid populataion growth
expansion of agricultural output

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7
Q

3rd agricultural revolution and effects

A

1945-70
mechanisation and more harvests
agrochemicals and breeding
supermarkets

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8
Q

1st industrial revolution and effects

A

1750-1850
increased energy consumption
innovation
steam engine/mineral extraction/transport

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9
Q

2nd industrial revolution

A 
1870-1910s
developed energy industry and infrastructure - electrification, petrol and gas
actors - power/money
fertiliser
globalisation
impacts GHGs
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10
Q

3rd industrial revolution

A 
2000s
electronic power
computers/internet
renewables
communication tech
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11
Q

what did the revolutions lead to

A

population growth
I=PAT
impact=population x affluence x tech

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12
Q

limits to growth 1972

club of rome

A

model of exponential economic and population growth

  • we consume too quick, tech not keeping up
  • apocalyptic
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13
Q

our common future 1987

A

brundtland commission report on discourse of human -envt interactions
recognised envtl limits to economic growth

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14
Q

rio summit 1992

A

agendas and directed action
stabilise GHG conc
agenda 21 - plans at local level

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15
Q

whats the promethean response

A

counter discourse highlighting human ability to manipulate nature
economic growth is top of agenda - innovation is king and envtl stresses in background

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16
Q

what % of GHGs are from agriculture

A

10%

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17
Q

energy trilemma

A

environment
energy security
affordability

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18
Q

when was the first day without coal since 1882 and why

A

21st April 2017

falling demand, alternatives and carbon tax

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19
Q

what % of electricity is from gas

A

40%

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20
Q

how have the markets changed

A

1947 - nationalisation of companies
1990 - privatisation
2000s - climate change up agenda
-private actors are not best suited to achieve energy goals

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21
Q

what % of winter deaths are due to fuel poverty

A

10%

22
Q

how many are without electricity

A

1 billion

23
Q

how many are dependent on biomass for cooking

A

3 billion

24
Q

what country is emerging as a leader in sustainable transport

A

china

25
Q

when was the centralisation of power networks

A

throughout the 1900s

- shift in norms towards cheap, safe, clean and accessible energy

26
Q

when and what led to the big 6

A

privatisation of energy industries in 1990s

- they now being challenged by small suppliers (many are renewables)

27
Q

when did the capacity of renewables take over that of fossil fuels

A

2018

28
Q

rise of the prosumer

A

consumers who produce own energy

from the big 6 to big 6 million

29
Q

how many small scale renewable electricity installations are there in the UK

A

a million

99% of this is solar PV and most the rest is wind

30
Q

when did community energy grow in UK

and how much is from it

A

2010

still small - 1% or so

31
Q

whats a consumer citizen

A

make preferences in the market when we decide what to consume

32
Q

tragedy of the commons

A

common pool resources are often non excludable and rivalrous
act in self interest to gain individuals but cost of impact is shared

33
Q

solving the tragedy of the commons

A
  • privatising
  • internalising externalities
  • regulation
  • cooperation
34
Q

how long have psychological studies of environmental behaviour been around?

A

40years

35
Q

whats rational choice therapy

A

assumes actors make consumption choices so as to maximise their happiness

36
Q

what is economics about

A

money, value, markets, behaviour

37
Q

how many people are fuel poor in UK

A

11%

2.5 million

38
Q

whats the Kuznets curve

A

economic output and pollution

- envtl quality deteriorates in early stages of growth, then improves as countries get richer

39
Q

what did the stern review suggest

A

climate change is the greatest market failure the world has seen

  • uneven impacts
  • impacts borne by future generations
  • not enough incentive to innovate
  • imperfect info anf cc denial
40
Q

what did costanza value the world as in 1997

A

valued the worlds ecosystem services at $33trill/year

updated to $125trill in 2011

41
Q

doughnut economics

A

circular flow model

households (->expenditure and labour->)(

42
Q

what’s the stacey matrix

A

it relates scientific certainty to political consensus
bottom left=v certain
top right=actors don’t agree, uncertain

43
Q

define wickedness

A

problems where there is little/no agreed definition of the problem, identified causes or authority, clear solutions

44
Q

what’s the precautionary policy

A

where risk is known to be present, precautionary principle emphasises importance of discretionary decision making in absence of scientific consensus
faced with political pressures to justify decisions

45
Q

what did the bonn conference focus on

A

energy, food and water security issues

46
Q

how much of global water is used for agriculture

A

69%

47
Q

how much of global water is used for industry

A

19%

48
Q

how much of global water is used for municipalities

A

12%

49
Q

what country has the highest energy consumption in agriculture and why

A

Netherlands due to flowers they grow

50
Q

whats the % support for renewables?

A

82%

Society, environment and energy (1 decks)

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