Facts

Question 1

what % of total GHG emissions in UK come from energy

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

where is one of the most fuel poor places in the country

Answer 2

south west

Question 3

Growing consensus on climate change

Answer 3

19th cent - climate physics established
1900s - co2 in atmosphere and aerosols in arctic
1950s - evidence accumulates
1970s - more evidence
1980s - international consensus. IPCC established
1990s - more scientists agree
today - widespread consensus

Question 4

where is media most consumed?

Answer 4

online - from 2016, overtaking tv

Question 5

when was the first agriultural revolution and what was its effects

Answer 5

10,000bc
shift to agriculture
stable flow of energy
domestication of animals and crops
manipulate watercourses

Question 6

2nd agricultural revolution and effects

Answer 6

1700s-1900s
innovations interact
rapid populataion growth
expansion of agricultural output

Question 7

3rd agricultural revolution and effects

Answer 7

1945-70
mechanisation and more harvests
agrochemicals and breeding
supermarkets

Question 8

1st industrial revolution and effects

Answer 8

1750-1850
increased energy consumption
innovation
steam engine/mineral extraction/transport

Question 9

2nd industrial revolution

Answer 9

1870-1910s
developed energy industry and infrastructure - electrification, petrol and gas
actors - power/money
fertiliser
globalisation
impacts GHGs

Question 10

3rd industrial revolution

Answer 10

2000s
electronic power
computers/internet
renewables
communication tech

Question 11

what did the revolutions lead to

Answer 11

population growth
I=PAT
impact=population x affluence x tech

Question 12

limits to growth 1972

club of rome

Answer 12

model of exponential economic and population growth

• we consume too quick, tech not keeping up
• apocalyptic

Question 13

our common future 1987

Answer 13

brundtland commission report on discourse of human -envt interactions
recognised envtl limits to economic growth

Question 14

rio summit 1992

Answer 14

agendas and directed action
stabilise GHG conc
agenda 21 - plans at local level

Question 15

whats the promethean response

Answer 15

counter discourse highlighting human ability to manipulate nature
economic growth is top of agenda - innovation is king and envtl stresses in background

Question 16

what % of GHGs are from agriculture

Answer 16

10%

Question 17

energy trilemma

Answer 17

environment
energy security
affordability

Question 18

when was the first day without coal since 1882 and why

Answer 18

21st April 2017

falling demand, alternatives and carbon tax

Question 19

what % of electricity is from gas

Answer 19

40%

Question 20

how have the markets changed

Answer 20

1947 - nationalisation of companies
1990 - privatisation
2000s - climate change up agenda
-private actors are not best suited to achieve energy goals

Question 21

what % of winter deaths are due to fuel poverty

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

how many are without electricity

Answer 22

1 billion

Question 23

how many are dependent on biomass for cooking

Answer 23

3 billion

Question 24

what country is emerging as a leader in sustainable transport

Answer 24

china

Question 25

when was the centralisation of power networks

Answer 25

throughout the 1900s | - shift in norms towards cheap, safe, clean and accessible energy

Question 26

when and what led to the big 6

Answer 26

privatisation of energy industries in 1990s | - they now being challenged by small suppliers (many are renewables)

Question 27

when did the capacity of renewables take over that of fossil fuels

Answer 27

2018

Question 28

rise of the prosumer

Answer 28

consumers who produce own energy | from the big 6 to big 6 million

Question 29

how many small scale renewable electricity installations are there in the UK

Answer 29

a million | 99% of this is solar PV and most the rest is wind

Question 30

when did community energy grow in UK | and how much is from it

Answer 30

2010 | still small - 1% or so

Question 31

whats a consumer citizen

Answer 31

make preferences in the market when we decide what to consume

Question 32

tragedy of the commons

Answer 32

common pool resources are often non excludable and rivalrous act in self interest to gain individuals but cost of impact is shared

Question 33

solving the tragedy of the commons

Answer 33

- privatising - internalising externalities - regulation - cooperation

Question 34

how long have psychological studies of environmental behaviour been around?

Answer 34

40years

Question 35

whats rational choice therapy

Answer 35

assumes actors make consumption choices so as to maximise their happiness

Question 36

what is economics about

Answer 36

money, value, markets, behaviour

Question 37

how many people are fuel poor in UK

Answer 37

11% | 2.5 million

Question 38

whats the Kuznets curve

Answer 38

economic output and pollution | - envtl quality deteriorates in early stages of growth, then improves as countries get richer

Question 39

what did the stern review suggest

Answer 39

climate change is the greatest market failure the world has seen - uneven impacts - impacts borne by future generations - not enough incentive to innovate - imperfect info anf cc denial

Question 40

what did costanza value the world as in 1997

Answer 40

valued the worlds ecosystem services at $33trill/year | updated to $125trill in 2011

Question 41

doughnut economics

Answer 41

circular flow model | households (->expenditure and labour->)(

Question 42

what's the stacey matrix

Answer 42

it relates scientific certainty to political consensus bottom left=v certain top right=actors don't agree, uncertain

Question 43

define wickedness

Answer 43

problems where there is little/no agreed definition of the problem, identified causes or authority, clear solutions

Question 44

what's the precautionary policy

Answer 44

where risk is known to be present, precautionary principle emphasises importance of discretionary decision making in absence of scientific consensus faced with political pressures to justify decisions

Question 45

what did the bonn conference focus on

Answer 45

energy, food and water security issues

Question 46

how much of global water is used for agriculture

Answer 46

69%

Question 47

how much of global water is used for industry

Answer 47

19%

Question 48

how much of global water is used for municipalities

Answer 48

12%

Question 49

what country has the highest energy consumption in agriculture and why

Answer 49

Netherlands due to flowers they grow

Question 50

whats the % support for renewables?

Answer 50

82%