Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ireland 1867-1924 > Facts > Flashcards

Facts Flashcards

0
Q

Political problems facing ireland in 1867?

A

Protestant ascendency: land remained in hands of protestants who only represented 15% pop. of Ireland

Ulster protestants dominate state positions and represented Irish interests in Westminster

Act of Union dissolved government of Ireland

Despite catholic emancipation (1829), most catholics didn’t own land so they couldn’t vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Economic problems facing Ireland in 1867?

A

Land tenure meant people got small plots of land and those who couldn’t afford it, became homeless.

Potato famine 1845-49: Britain doesn’t help enough, landlords not sympathetic
-1 million die, 1.5 million migrate to USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Religious problems in ireland in 1867?

A

Church of ireland protestant and ruled by Britain

  • 85% country catholic, protestants concentrated in Ulster
  • collected tithes from tenants
  • church owns buildings and land
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________ and ________ set up by ___________ in 1858

A

Fenian brotherhood and Irish Republican Brotherhood set up by James Stephens in 1858

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

February 1867 = ???

A

Fenian Uprisings in Chester and Kerry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

March 1867 = ???

A

Fenian uprisings across ireland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

November 1867 = ???

A

Manchester martyrs executed for their beliefs

-tried to rescue 2 Fenians and killed two policemen in process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

December 1867 = ???

A

Clerkenwell explosion

-Fenians blew up Clerkenwell prison trying to revue fenian prisoners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does Gladstone come into power for the first time?

A

1868

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Famous quote from Gladstone when he came into power for the first time?

A

My mission is to pacify Ireland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disestablishment of the church act?

A

1869

Tithe payments ended
Connection between state and church ended
£10 million in compensation to clergymen, schoolteachers, officials of old church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

First land act?

A

1870

Tenants could claim compensation for improvements they made on property
State would pay 2/3 the price of a plot of land if the tenant could raise 1/3
Rents had to be reasonable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

University bill = ???

A

1873

Improve higher education opportunities
Proposed a federally funded, secular university for all religions
Not a priority for the irish
Rejected by catholic bishops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secret ballot act = ???

A

1872

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ formed in 1870 by ________

A

Home league association formed in 1870 by Isaac Butt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_________ loses power in 1874 and is replaced by __________

A

Gladstone loses power in 1874 and is replaced by Disraeli (conservative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1874 which new party emerges?

A

Home rule league party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1874 how did Home rule affect positions of power?

A

60 MPs declared themselves in favour of Home rule

-caused liberals to lose seats in Ireland (65 to 12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Land league formed in ____ by _________

A

Formed in 1879 by Michael Davitt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_________ made president of Land league in 1879

A

Charles stuart Parnell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1879 ________ replaces Butt as head of _______

A

William shaw replaces Butt as head of Home rule league party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1880 Home rule league party becomes ________

A

1880 Home rule league party become Irish parliamentary party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aims of the Land league?

A

Political reform

The 3Fs -fair rent, free sale, fixity of tenure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tactics of the land league?

A

Boycotts, leaflets and propaganda, “no rent” campaigns, helping evicted tenants

Violent rhetoric in speeches/propaganda appeared to be encouraging violence,
1880-2590 violent incidents reported including assault, attack on animals and property, threatening letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Second land act = ???

A

1881

Granted 3Fs
Rents fixed for 15years
Government offered to pay 3/4 price of a plot of a land instead of 2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Coercion act = ???

A

1881

Gave Lord lieutenant of Ireland power to detain people without trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Parnell’s dilemma with the second land act?

A

Supporting it lost support of militants in IPP
Rejecting it lost support of moderates in IPP

-didn’t outrightly reject act but criticised parts of it and refused to co-operate with land courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why was Parnell imprisoned in Kilmainham jail?

A

For openly criticising Gladstone

-advantage for CSP as he was viewed as a martyr, encouraged further violence from the people and forced Gladstone to reconsider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Kilmainham Treaty = ???

A

1882

Terms:
Release Parnell
Relax coercion act
Amend land act to help those in arrears with rent
Parnell would use influence to stop land league violence and support the land act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How was the land issue over by 1881?

A

Second land act had granted what the land league wanted (3Fs)
-tenants happy, refused to support a “no rent” campaign by land league

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Kilmainham treaty marked _________ in politics?

A

Treaty marked New departure in politics

  • fusion of different groups in Ireland together into one national movement
  • Parnell, Davitt and Devoy (constitutional, agrarian violence and revolutionary nationalism)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Phoenix parks murders = ???

A

6th may 1882

Irish secretary and under-secretary murdered by Irish revolutionary group

  • encouraged backlash against violent tactics
  • encouraged continued British rule of Ireland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Parnell’s reaction to the Phoenix parks murders?

A

Condemned the murders

Distancing himself from Davitt’s calls for land agitation and the Fenian movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

18__ Parnell establishes a new party, the _____

A

1882 Parnell establishes The Irish national league

Aim = Home rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Aim of the Irish national league?

A

National self government = home rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

1883 which act passed?

A

The Corrupt practices act

-set terms for party participation in elections by prevented bribery by ensuring parties declare expenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Parnell’s reaction to 1881 coercion act?

A

After Davitt arrested under the act, Parnell and 36 other MPs caused uproar
-when suspended, as head of IPP, Parnell refused to authorise the withdrawal

Advantage for IPP = strengthen and unified the party
Advantage for CSP = increased his prestige and authority

37
Q

How many branches did the Irish national league have in Ireland?
(Why was it more accepted than the Land league?)

A

Around 1000 soon after its creation in 1882

Unlike Land league, it was a political organisation and it intended to win support from all classes or Irish society - not just farmers

38
Q

What did Joseph chamberlain offer the IPP in Parnell’s “courtship” of westminster?

A

A Central board scheme

-rejected by Parnell and Cabinet

39
Q

January 1885 Parnell gives what speech?

A

‘Ne plus ultra’

= reiterating his commitment to home rule and settling for nothing less

40
Q

‘Ne plus ultra’ speech given ________

A

21st January 1885

41
Q

Representation of the people act introduced in _______

A

1884

Extended the vote to rural Ireland by giving more men the vote
-increased electoral support for Irish national league

42
Q

1884 which association was set up?

A

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)

Set up to promote Irish sports like Gaelic football

43
Q

9th june 1885 = ???

A

Irish national league switches their votes from liberal to conservative

44
Q

What happened to Gladstone and the liberals after the Irish party switched their votes?

A

They were voted out and replaced by a conservative care-taker government until the election

-dropped coercion act and introduced Ashbourne act

45
Q

June 1885 which act was passed?

A

Ashbourne act (conservative)

Provided 100% state loans at low interest rates
Provided around £5 million for these loans

46
Q

__________ came out in favour of Home rule, massively increasing support

A

The catholic church

47
Q

Why did Gladstone initially keep quiet about support for home rule?

A

Would be accused of counter-bidding for votes and going against party morals

Concerned about splitting the Liberal party

Lord salisbury seemed about to introduce a Home rule policy anyway

48
Q

December 1885 = ???

A

Hawarden kite

Gladstone’s support for Home rule leaked to press by his son Herbert:

  • believed Chamberlain would split the party anyway
  • thought getting support from Parnell would delay the split

=forcing Gladstone’s hand

49
Q

Turnout of 1886 election?

A

Liberals 319 + IPP 86 = LIBERAL VICTORY

Conservative 249

Liberals abstaining 72

50
Q

Why was the first home rule bill doomed to failure?

A

Gladstone rushed it too quickly:

Didn’t leave time to educate party and voters about issues so often his arguments fell apart

Party didn’t agree that Home rule was their priority especially liberal unionists like Chamberlain

Significant anti-Irish and anti-catholic sentiment in England

Home rule would’ve undoubtedly caused problems - financial issues, significant north/south split in Ireland

51
Q

First home rule bill?

A

1886

Proposed:
An all Irish 2-house parliament
No Irish MPs in westminster despite power Britain held (PARTICULARLY HATED BY IRISH)
Land purchase scheme
Lord lieutenant remained
Britain still made decisions on defence, empire and the crown

52
Q

How far did the first home rule bill get in Parliament?

A

2nd reading in the House of Commons

313 to 343
50 liberals agreed to vote against the bill

53
Q

Consequences of the first home rule bill?

A

Gladstone resigned as PM

Election called

Protestant rioting in Belfast at home rule - 32 killed and 371 wounded

54
Q

Results of 1886 general election?

A

Conservatives 316

Liberal unionists 77

Liberals 192

IPP 86

55
Q

Evidence of division between ulster and the rest of ireland?

A

1886 elections

Ulster: 15 unionist seats, 16 nationalist
Rest of Ireland: 2 unionist seats, 68 nationalist

56
Q

What policy did the Conservatives introduce after the 1886 election?

A

Killing Home rule with kindness i.e. Cohesion and concession

57
Q

Perpetual crimes act of ____ was an example of C_______???

A

1887 - cohesion

Those agitating for land reform through boycotts and rent strikes could be arrested

58
Q

September 1887 = ???

A

Mitchelstown massacre - 3 protestors shot dead by royal Irish constabulary

59
Q

3rd land act of _____ was ana example of C_________???

A

1887 - concession

Helped tenants use courts to reduce land rents

60
Q

Criminal law amendment act of _______ was an example of c______???

A

1887 - cohesion

Gave police extra powers to suspend trial by jury

61
Q

Land purchase acts of ____ and _____ were examples of c_______???

A

1888 and 1891 - concession

Extended Ashbourne’s land purchase act of 1885 by making another £5 million pounds available for tenants to access as loans

62
Q

What was the plan of campaign?

A

Type of land agitation - planned to for e down rents through collective action

63
Q

Who condemned the tactics of the plan of campaign in may 1886?

A

Pope leo XIII

64
Q

When die Parnell die?

A

6th October 1891

65
Q

Reasons for the fall of Parnell?

A

Tying the IPP to the liberals meant they had no flexibility to play off the liberals and conservatives

Association with 1886 plan of campaign threatened his reputation

Fake letters printed in the Times 1887/8 made CSP look sympathetic to Irish violence

Affair with Kitty o’Shea revealed and refusal to leave politics after the affair came out - condemned by victorian society, catholic church and non-conformists

66
Q

December 1891 = ???

A

Meeting of 73 Irish party MPs which ended in a split of the IPP

  • Irish national federation - John Dillion
  • Irish national league - John Redmond
67
Q

Congested District boards = _____???

A

1891

Funded building public works and sponsoring local factories to alleviate poverty
=unsuccessful because it invested in uneconomical projects

68
Q

1892 who came into power?

A

Gladstone and the liberals for the 3rd time

=only had a majority because of the support of 80 Irish MPs

69
Q

When was the 2nd Home rule bill introduced?

A

1893

70
Q

What changes were made to the 2nd home rule bill?

A

Financial situation made more favourable to ireland

80 irish MPs continue in westminster as opposed to 0 where they could debate and vote on all issues

Ulster was considered but no special proposal put into the bill

71
Q

What year was the Gaelic league set up?

A

1893

72
Q

How far did the second home rule bill get in westminster?

A

Passed 2nd reading by 43 votes

Passed 3rd reading by 34 votes

Rejected in House of Lords (dominated by conservatives) 419 to 41

73
Q

What was Constructive unionism?

A

The use of reform rather than coercion

74
Q

Recess committee 1895-96 = ???

A

Cross party group of parliamentarians to stimulate domestic food production and industry

75
Q

All-ireland committee 1897 = ???

A

Cross party committee representing unionists and nationalists

76
Q

Local government Ireland act 1898 = ???

A

Fully reformed Irish local government

77
Q

Wyndham land act 1903 = ???

A

Organised buying out of landlords at an acceptable price, allowing tenants to purchase their own land
-government loans at low interest over a long period of time

78
Q

Reactions to the 1903 Wyndham land act?

A

Nationalists - felt it would solve land problems so irish people would be happy and wouldn’t feel a need to support home rule

Unionists - believed it was suggesting Ireland be given more independence from England

79
Q

1900 which group reformed?

A

The Irish parliamentry party reformed under John Redmond

80
Q

1905 what council was set up?

A

The Ulster Unionist council made up of:

  • revival of the orange order
  • loyalist anti-repeal movement
  • unionist clubs
  • ulster defence association

Allowed unionists to speak with one clear voice

81
Q

Results of January 1906 election?

A

Liberal landslide victory led by Henry Campbell Bannerman

82
Q

Irish council bill 1907 = ???

A

Some powers taken from Dublin Castle and given to elected councils
-criticised by IPP for not going far enough

83
Q

Irish universities act 1908

A

Created a national university by bringing together universities in Dublin, Cork and Galway to educate catholics (but not technically tied to any religion)

84
Q

1907 what group formed?

A

Sinn Fein by Arthur Griffith

85
Q

When did Irish become taught in all schools across Ireland?

A

1908

Because by 1900 only 25% of Ireland spoke Irish

86
Q

1907 Walter long became chairman of __________???

A

The ulster unionist council

87
Q

Land act 1909 = ???

A

Introduced compulsory purchase of land

  • landlords had to see tenants buying the land
  • however it did reduce the amount that landlords were compensated for
88
Q

1910 who took control of Irish unionism from Walter long?

A

Edward carson

89
Q

1911 Parliament act = ???

A

Removed the house of Lords right to veto - could only delay legislation by 2 years

90
Q

When was the third home rule bill introduced?

A

April 1912

Ireland 1867-1924 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions