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Developmental > Factors Affecting Language Development > Flashcards

Factors Affecting Language Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by a causal factor in language development?

A

A factor that CAUSES a difficulty

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2
Q

What is meant by an exacerbating factor in language development?

A

A factor that EXACERBATES language development problems

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3
Q

Name the 5 areas which might affect language development.

A
  1. Pre/peri-natal 2. Neurological 3. Environmental 4. Genetics 5. Sensory and Physical
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4
Q

What is meant by pre-natal?

A

Before birth

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5
Q

What is meant by peri-natal?

A

Immediately before, during and after birth

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6
Q

What affect can maternal mental health have on a child?

A

Impact on mother-child bonding

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7
Q

What may children born prematurely / with low birth weights be susceptible to?

A

Planning and organisation difficulties, Learning difficulties, 10% have ASD

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8
Q

What does FASD stand for?

A

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

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9
Q

How is FASD caused?

A

By heavy drinking during pregnancy

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10
Q

What are the likely characteristics of a child with FASD?

A

Affectionate, highly verbal with subtle difficulties, difficulties understanding consequences of actions, high level vocab

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11
Q

What are the two types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive and Sensor-neural

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12
Q

What does OME stand for?

A

Otitis Media with Effusion

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13
Q

What is OME?

A

Disorder of the middle ear which stops the vibrations of the bones or hairs in the middle ear

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14
Q

Between what ages is OME more common?

A

0-6 years

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15
Q

What is the common treatment for OME?

A

Gromits

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16
Q

Name some of the accepted INTRINSIC causes of OME

A

Cranio-facial abnormality, Down’s, Cleft Palate, Allergies, Family History

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17
Q

Name some of the accepted EXTRINSIC causes of OME

A

Seasonal factors, cigarette smoke

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18
Q

What are the audiological consequences of OME?

A

Mild-moderate fluctuating hearing loss, sounds quieter, worse in lower frequencies, listening becomes more effortful (tuning out)

19
Q

What phonemes are more likely to be affected by OME?

A

Vowels (lower frequency than e.g fricatives)

20
Q

Is there a proven relationship between OME and language development?

A

No (but there is some evidence for association)

21
Q

How can visual impairment affect language development?

A

Lag in expressive language, late emergence of first words

22
Q

What are the language problems associated with acquired neurological difficulties in children?

A

Their language will only have developed to a certain point

23
Q

Is there evidence suggesting epilepsy can cause language delays?

A

Yes - CELF 4 scores showed children with epilepsy had lower scores

24
Q

What is the primary cause of language difficulties?

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

25
Q

How do children with Fragile X Syndrome present?

A

With social, attention and language conditions

26
Q

How does Fragile X Syndrome arise?

A

A single gene mutation on the X chromosome

27
Q

What is the incidence level of Fragile X Syndrome?

A

1 in 3600 males, 1 in 5000 females

28
Q

Is Fragile X a recessive or dominant gene?

A

Recessive

29
Q

Briefly describe the cognitive profile of a child with Fragile X Syndrome

A

Wide range of learning difficulties, reduced attention

30
Q

What are the speech characteristics of a child with Fragile X Syndrome?

A

Oro-motor dyspraxia, OME, dysfluency, unusual intonation patterns, inappropriate topic shifts

31
Q

Which gender is more affected by Fragile X Syndrome?

A

Males

32
Q

Name an environmental factor that can affect language development

A

Neglect and abuse

33
Q

What are the 4 categories of abuse?

A

Physical, Emotional, Sexual, Neglect

34
Q

Name the 3 levels of cultural influences on maltreatment identified by Korbin (1981)

A

Level 1: Accepted Cultural Practices, Level 2: Idiosyncratic Practices, Level 3: Societal Issues

35
Q

What effect can high levels of stress have on brain development?

A

Production of higher levels of cortisol, damaging the hippocampus

36
Q

What cognitive affects does Snow (2009) suggest high levels of stress will have?

A

Memory and learning impairments

37
Q

How does Snow (2009) suggest humans acquire their knowledge of the world?

A

Via early relationships

38
Q

How is neglect / abuse a causal relationship?

A

Neglect/abuse - language difficulties and language difficulties - abuse

39
Q

What type of factor is language stimulation / opportunity for communication classed as?

A

Environmental

40
Q

What does EAL stand for?

A

English as an additional language

41
Q

How many stages are there in sequential bilingualism?

A
  1. Home language use, 2. Nonverbal period, 3. Telegraphic speech, 4. Productive language use, 5. Competent language use
42
Q

What is simultaneous bilingualism?

A

When a child learns English alongside another language

43
Q

Does a child stop communicating during the nonverbal period?

A

No - they will use nonverbal communication

44
Q

Is dual language learning a risk factor for language development?

A

No

Developmental (3 decks)

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