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Passmed to go over > Factoids > Flashcards

Factoids Flashcards

1
Q

Patient presents with ongoing AF >48 hrs

A
  1. anticoagulate for 3 wks before DC cardioversion
  2. OR do TOA to exclude left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus - if excluded then can be heparinised and cardioverted immediately
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2
Q

Formula for prescribing maintainance fluids in 24 hrs in kids

A

Holiday-Segar formula

first 10kg - 100ml/kg

second 10kg - 50ml/kg

subsequent kg - 20 ml/kg

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3
Q

Causes of resistant sterile pyuria

A

Partially treated UTI

Urethritis - chlamydia

Renal TB - think of high risk ptx

Renal stones

Appendicitis

Bladder/ renal cell cancer

Adult PKD

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4
Q

Urinalysis findings of ptx on loop diuretics

A

hyaline casts

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5
Q

Brown granular casts on urinalysis indicate

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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6
Q

‘Bland’ urinary sediment on urinalysis indicates:

A

prerenal uraemia

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7
Q

Red cell casts - indicate

A

nephritic syndrome

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8
Q

Common phosphate binder

A

Sevelamer

Non-calcium based - binds to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption

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9
Q

Cancers that renal transplant patients are suceptible to

A

Squamous/ basal cell carcinoma - avoid sun exposure

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10
Q

causes of cranial DI

A

Idiopathic

Post head surgery/ pituitary surgery

Infiltrative (histiocytosisX, sarcoidosis)

DIDMOAD - Wolfram’s syndrome

Haemochromatosis

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11
Q

Drugs that cause:

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

A

PAN FR

Penicillin
Allopurinol
NSAIDs
Furosemide
Rifampicin
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12
Q

renal artery - string of beads sign

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia (causing renal artery stenosis (10% of cases))

90% of ptx with this are women

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13
Q

Management of hyperkalaemia

A

Stabilising cardiac membrane - IV calcium gluconate

Compartment shift of K - Insulin/dextrose/ Neb salbutamol

Removal from body -1. calcium resonium (oral/ enema)

  1. Loop diuretics
  2. Dialysis ( if resistant)
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14
Q

Most common childhood renal malignancy

A

Wilm’s nephroblastoma

Abdo flank mass - usually just one

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15
Q

Treatment of difficult postural/ orthostatic HTN

A

Fludrocortisone

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16
Q

Assessing loudness of murmurs:

A

Levine scale:

1-6 overall

1-3 - no thrill

4-6 - thrill

6 - no stethoscope

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17
Q

Most important risk factor for aortic dissection

A

HTN

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18
Q

Most common cardiac valve abnormality in ADPKD

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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19
Q

Which cardio drug commonly causes thrombophlebitis

A

Amioderone - therefore give centrally

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20
Q

Monitoring on statins

A

LFT baseline, 3m, 12m

21
Q

Genetics of HOCM

A

autosomal dominant

22
Q

When to replace valve in aortic stenosis

A

when symptomatic

23
Q

Causes of prolonged QT

A

Hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagneseamia, hypothermia

METHCATS

Acute MI, SAH

24
Q

METHCATS

A

Drug causes of prolonged QT

M - Methadone
E - Erythomycin
T - Terfenadien
H - Haloperidol

C- Chloroquine/citalopram
A - Amiodarone
T - Trycyclics
S - Sotalol

25
Which cancer shows 'starry sky' appearance on biopsy
Burkitt lymphoma
26
Mutation in polycythaemia vera
JAK2 - (1st line investigation) 2nd line -- red cell mass
27
Most common causes of thrombophilia:
Factor V Leiden mutation (heterozygous) Prothrombin gene mutation - (heterozygous) Protein C deficiency Protein S deficiency Antithrombin III deficiency - least common - highest risk of VTE
28
What is cryoprecipitate composed of?
Factor VIII (8) Fibrinogen vWF Factor XIII (13)
29
Gene changes in burkitt lymphoma
c-myc gene translocation
30
anticoag in pregnancy
LMWH (SC) preferred over unfractioned Warfarin is contraindicated
31
Preferred DOAC in patients with renal impairment
Apixaban
32
Why are irradiated blood products used
To prevent transfusion associated graft-host | T-lymphocytes are removed
33
Most common inherited bleeding disorder:
vWD (autosomal dominant)
34
2 most common blood film findings in coeliac disease
Target cells + howell-jolly bodies
35
Microcytic anaemia with blood film finding of basophilic stripping of RBCs
Sideroblastic anaemia
36
Causes of sideroblastic anaemia
Alcohol anti-TB meds Lead
37
Anti TB meds + side effects
RIPE R - Rifampicin I - Isoniazid P - Pyrazinamide E - Ethambutol Rifampicin - hepatitis, flu-like symptoms, orange secretions - Liver enzyme inducer Isoniazid - Peripheral neuropathy (B6 related), hepatitis, agranulocytosis - Liver enzyme inhibitor Pyrazinamide - gout, arthralgia, myalgia, hepatits Ethambutol - eyes (optic neuritis)
38
Myelofibrosis
Tear-drop poikilocytes on blood film 'elderly person with anaemia like symptoms + hypermetabolic symptoms' associated with high urate and high LDH (high cell turnover) Massive splenomegaly
39
Transfusion thresholds
Hb <80 in ptx with ACS <70 in patient without ACS
40
Treatment of neutropenic sepsis
Tazocin (Piperacillin / Tazobactam)
41
Hematological malignancy caused by H. pylori
MALT lymphoma - antrum of stomach
42
Transfusion with the highest risk of bacterial infection
Platelet transfusion - because kept at room temp
43
Drugs given to avoid tumour lysis syndrome
Allopurinol
44
Pentad of symptoms of TTP
1. fever 2. Neuro signs 3. Low platelelts 4. Haemolytic anaemia 5. renal failure
45
Polycythemia rubi vera transformations
myelofibrosis (5--15%) Acute leukemia (5-15%
46
Multiple myeloma symptoms
``` CRABBI Calcium - high Renal Anaemia Bleeding Bones Infection ```
47
Reversal of heparin
Vitamin K | PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX
48
Causes of acute pancreatitis:
GET SMASHED g- Gallstones e- Ethanol t- Trauma s- Steroids m- Mumps (other viruses include Coxsackie B) a- Autoimmune (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa), Ascaris infection s- Scorpion venom h- Hypertriglyceridaemia, Hyperchylomicronaemia, Hypercalcaemia, Hypothermia e- ERCP d- Drugs (azathioprine, mesalazine*, didanosine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, pentamidine, steroids, sodium valproate)

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