Facial Theory Midterm Flashcards
ALLERGIES
What is the procedure if a reaction occurs during a facial?
- Remove the aggravating substance
- Apply a cold compress
- If reaction is not severe, continue while using products for sensitive skin types
- If reaction is more severe, stop the service and apply a topical benadryl. Advise the client to take an antihistamine
- Do not offer the client any medication, only advise. If very severe, seek medical attention
ALLERGIES
4 indications of mold or bacterial in a product
- Smells rancid
- Goes watery
- Separates
- Has black fungus
ALLERGIES
What is the medical term for hives?
Urticaria
an acute flamed breakout caused by an allergen
ALLERGIES
A chemical stored in the skin, respiratory passages and digestive tract that is released when a reaction occurs is called a _____
A histamine
ALLERGIES
What are 2 types of allergies?
Genetic - present at birth, results in an immediate reaction, the individual reacts to a substance upon the first encounter and the severity of each reaction is unknown
Acquired - the reaction is a delays sensitization, after repeated exposure to the substances the body develops a lack of resistance, very common to develop in the 20s or 30s
ALLERGIES
What is the procedure to follow for a facial on a new client?
- Do a medical chart
- Ask about ingredients they might be allergic to and check products for those ingredients
- Do a thorough skin analysis
- Avoid heavy manipulations if necessary (avoiding scrubs and abrasive exfoliants)
- Apply steamer from a greater distance for only 3-6 minutes to avoid irritation
- Take care with stimulating products
- Remove products earlier than indicated
- Study your clients skin during the treatment
- Explain normal sensations
- Ask for feedback
UV RAYS
What are the 3 types of UV Rays?
- U.V.C
- U.V.B
- U.V.A
UV RAYS
Explain U.V.C Rays
- Ultra dangerous, deadly to all living creatures in large doses
- Kills bacteria
- Anti-bacterial
- Can cause blindness
- Does not penetrate epidermal layers
UV RAYS
Explain U.V.B Rays
- Can penetrate epidermis to basal cell layer
- Causes erythema (sunburn) and can cause skin cancer (mostly non-melanoma)
- Is a burning ray
- Causes inflammation and sunburn
UV RAYS
Explain U.V.A Rays
- Causes photo aging by damaging collagen and elastin fibers
- Is the dominant cause of tanning and premature aging
- Burns only people who have a photosensitivity to the sun (allergy to the sun)
- Penetrates much deeper to affect the glands called melanocytes
- Plays a role in the formation of melanoma
- Used by most sun beds
UV RAYS
Define solar elastosis
A degenerative condition of elastic tissue in the dermis from chronic sun exposure. Collagen is decreased while the amount of elastin is increased, it loses elasticity. Results in the skin losing its resilience, flexibility and water holding capacity
UV RAYS
Describe actinic keratosis
A skin condition that can occur in any sun exposed area. Is dry and scaly, feels slightly sharp to touch. If left untreated can become squamous cell carcinoma
UV RAYS
Define hyperkeratosis
The epidermis thickens when it’s exposed to the sun repeatedly
UV RAYS
3 natural body protections from UV rays
Hyperkeratosis - epidermis thickens when exposed to the sun repeatedly
Urocanical (persperation)
Melanocytes - produce melanin for pigmentation
Sebum
UV RAYS
2 types of photosensitivites
- Photo allergic reaction
- Phototoxic reaction
UV RAYS
What is the protocol for applying sunblock properly?
Put on 30 minutes before you go outside, use it liberally and reapply after 2-4 hours. Apply to whole body if in a bathing suit
UV RAYS
The difference between sunblock and sunscreen
- Sunscreen absorbs the UV rays and changes them into heat. Only protects against UVB rays, not UVA
- Sunblock reflects UVA and UVB rays back into the environment. Made out of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide which cannot absorb into the skin
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Perioral Dermatitis
Acne-like disorder with red papules around the mouth, nose and chin area. Usually small clusters with several lesions. Caused by the loss of the hydrolipidic barrier
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Chloasma
Also referred to as melasma and pregnancy mask. Increased pigmented complexion may be present during UV exposure during pregnancy or other hormonal changes. Normally found on the forehead, cheeks, nose, and upper lip.
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Sebaceous Hyperplasia
Overgrowths of the sebaceous gland usually found in oilier areas of the face. They are donut shaped with sebaceous material in the center and cannot be removed with normal extractions
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Excoriation
A sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. Can be superficial or deeper in the dermal layer of the skin
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Spider Angioma
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now distended or permanently dilated. Causes are the sun, diet, medication, alcohol, and stress
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Rosacea
Chronic congestion on the cheeks and nose. Characterized by redness, dilation of blood vessels, inflammation and in severe cases, papules and pustules. Caused due to an unbalanced hydrolipidic barrier
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Psoriasis
An itchy disorder with red patches covered with white, silver scales. Found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back. Not contagious but is hereditary and chronic
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Papule
A small elevated pimple containing no fluid
SKIN DISORDERS
Define a lesion and state the 3 categories
A structural change in tissue caused by disease or injury.
Primary Lesions
Secondary Lesions
Vascular (tertiary) Lesions
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Telangiectasia
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now distended or permanently dilated. Causes are dun, diet, medication, alcohol and stress. Can occur anywhere on the body and be removed by vasculse
SKIN DISORDERS
The 4 grades of acne
Grade 1 - minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones and few papules
Grade 2 - many open and closed comedones, papules and occasional pustules
Grade 3 - red and inflamed, many papules and pustules
Grade 4 - cystic acne, cysts with comedones, papules, pustules, inflammation and possible scarring are present
SKIN DISORDERS
Define Maturation Arrest Acne
A unique type of grade 2 acne. The face is covered with whiteheads that enlarge. Is difficult to treat with conventional acne treatments and medication, responds best to AHA treatments and exfoliation
PH
What is the acid mantle made up of?
- Sebum
- Fatty Acid
- Sweat
- Cellular Matter
PH
The purpose of the acid mantle
- Resides directly on the top of the stratum corneum
- Maintains the healthy aspect of the skin (the skins security guard)
- Protects against the bacteria, microbes, infections, viruses from penetrating it
- Protects from moisture being lost (dehydration)
PH
What is the buffer capacity?
The ability of an individual’s skin to replenish its own acid mantle or regain its acidity
PH
What is the pH range of healthy skin?
5 and 5.6 (5.5)
PH
What can affect the pH of our skin?
- Aging
- Digestion
- Illness (a disturbance in your metabolism)
- Nervousness
- Physical Activity
- Genetic sensitive skin (rosacea, eczema, psoriasis & smoking)
- Hormones
- Smoking
- Hygiene
- Medication
- Stress
- Sun (rays sedate the sebaceous gland)
