Facial Muscles and Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

0
Q

What do the facial muscles attach to in general?

A

Originate from bone or fascia Insert into skin Located in subcutaneous tissue

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1
Q

Which pharyngeal arch are the facial muscles derived from?

A

Second

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2
Q

What are the facial muscles innervated by?

A

Facial nerve

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3
Q

General movements of the orbital group?

A

Control movement of the eyelid and so protect the cornea from damage

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4
Q

Name the muscles of the orbital group

A

Orbicularis oculi

Corrugator supercillii

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5
Q

Movements of the orbiculares oculi?

A

Inner palpebral part closes the eye gently Outer orbital part does it more forcefully

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6
Q

Actions of the corrugator supercillii?

A

Draws eyebrows together

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7
Q

Where is the corrugator supercillii located in relation to the orbicularis oculi? Desribe it.

A

Smaller

Posterior to the OO

Inserts into the skin of the eyebrow

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8
Q

Damage to the facial nerve results in orbitals beings paralysed. What can this cause?

A

Eye cannot close, cornea dries out, exposure keratitis Lower lid droops - ‘ectropion’ - lacrimal fluid pools in lower lid and isn’t spread across surface of the eye. Failure to remove debris so get ulceration of the corneal surface

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9
Q

How to test for facial nerve palsy?

A

Raise eyebrows Close eyes

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10
Q

Name the facial muscles of the nasal group

A

Nasalis Procerus Depressor septi nasi

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11
Q

Talk about the nasalis

A

Largest of the nasal group Split in two parts - transverse and alar Transverse compresses nares, alar opens them

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12
Q

Action of the procerus?

A

Most superior

Pulls eyebrows down

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13
Q

Action of the depressor septi nasi?

A

Pulls nose inferiorly, opening nares

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14
Q

Function of the orbicularis orbis?

A

Purses lips

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15
Q

Function of the buccinator?

A

Pulls cheeks inwards against teeth, preventing accumulation of food here

16
Q

Name the other oral muscles

A

Lower group - depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis Upper group - risorius, zygomaticus major and minor, levator labii superioris, levator labii superiors alaeque nasi, levator anguli oris

17
Q

If the facial nerve is damaged and the person smiles, which side is affected depending on how the smile appears?

A

Tissues around mouth and cheeks sag Drawn across to opposite side to that affected while smiling

18
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Mandibular nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve

19
Q

Which pharyngeal arch are the muscles of mastication derived from?

A

1st pharyngeal arch

20
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid

21
Q

Which muscles raise the mandible?

A

Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid

22
Q

Action of the temporalis?

A

Elevates mandible Retracts mandible, pulling jaw posteriorly

23
Q

Action of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Protracts mandible, pushing jaw forwards Moves jaw from side to side

24
Q

Which nerve supplies the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Facial nerve

25
Q

Where can the facial nerve often be compressed to give Bell’s Palsy?

A

Near its exit from the cranium at the stylomastoid foramen

26
Q

Which nerve passes through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve

27
Q

How can you tell the difference between a stroke and Bell’s palsy?

A

Bell’s palsy - all muscles of facial expression are paralysed on one side

Stroke - frontal sparing. Occipitofrontalis and Orbicularis oculi are not paralysed due to their bilateral innervation