Facial growth - pre-natal

Question 1

What are the 2 phases of in utero life?

Answer 1

• embryonic
• foetal

Question 2

How long is the foetal stage?

Answer 2

8 weeks - term

Question 3

How and when is the neural tube formed?

Answer 3

• towards end of week 3
• neural folds fuse

Question 4

What is the result of neural folds failing to fuse?

Answer 4

spina bifida

Question 5

What does the neural tube develop into?

Answer 5

the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

When does the face begin to form

Answer 6

during the first 8 weeks post fertilisation

Question 7

What are the 2 parts of the skull?

Answer 7

• the neurocranium
• the viscerocranium

Question 8

Function of neurocranium

Answer 8

forms protective case around the brain

Question 9

function of viscerocranium

Answer 9

forms the skeleton of the face

Question 10

Foetal alcohol syndrome - characteristics

Answer 10

microcephaly (small head)
mild mental retardation
typical facial features:
- short nose
- short palpebral fissures
- long upper lip
- small midface
- small mandible

Question 11

hemifacial microsomia features

Answer 11

• multifactorial
• unilateral mandibular and zygomatic arch hypoplasia, high arched palate, malformed pinna
• normal intellect, deafness. cardiac and renal problems

Question 12

Treacher Collins syndrome also (mandibulofacial dyostosis) features

Answer 12

Deformity of 1st and 2nd branchial arches
hypoplastic or missing zygomatic arches
mandibular hypoplasia
deformed pinna