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Facial Bones and Sinuses > Facial Bone Projections > Flashcards

Facial Bone Projections Flashcards

1
Q

For the lateral of the eye where would you center

A

outer canthus

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2
Q

true or false; there is an angle on the tube for the lateral eye

A

false, CR is perpendicular

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3
Q

PA Axial eye; what is the centering point

A

mid way in the orbit

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4
Q

PA Axial eye what baseline is perpendicular to the IR

A

OML

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5
Q

what is the CR angle

A

30 degrees caudal

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6
Q

PA Axial eye best demonstrates what

A

petrous portions of the the temporal bones below the inferior margin of the orbits

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7
Q

Modified Waters; centering point and CR angle

A

perpendicular to the midpoint of the orbit

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8
Q

what is the name for the parietoacanthial projection

A

modified waters

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9
Q

describe the baseline’s position for this projection

A

OML forms an angle 50 degrees to the IR

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10
Q

Lateral Facial Bones; which baseline is used for positioning

A

IOML

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11
Q

Later Facial Bones; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular; entering the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM

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12
Q

Waters Method; which baselines is used for positioning

A

OML forms a 37 degree angle with the IR; MML is perpendicular to IR

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13
Q

Waters Method; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular to acanthion

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14
Q

Waters Method; structures shown

A

orbits, maxillae, zygomatic arches

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15
Q

Modified Waters Method; used for what

A

blowout fractures

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16
Q

Modified Waters Method; how is the baseline adjusted

A

OML forms a 55 degrees angle with the IR

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17
Q

Modified Waters Method; where are the petrous ridges

A

immediately below the inferior border of the orbits at a level midway through the maxillary sinus

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18
Q

Reverse Waters Method; why is it used

A

to show the facial bones when the patient cannot be placed in the prone position

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19
Q

Reverse Waters Method; how are the baselines positioned

A

OML forms a 37 degree angle with the IR

MML is perpendicular to the IR

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20
Q

Reverse Waters Method; centering and CR angle

A

perpendicular to enter the acanthion

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21
Q

Reverse Waters Method; structures shown

A

superior facial bones

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22
Q

PA Axial Caldwell; how are the baselines positioned

A

OML is perpendicular to the IR

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23
Q

PA Axial Caldwell; centering and CR direction

A

15 degrees cauded to the nasion

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24
Q

PA Axial Caldwell; to show the orbital rims and floors how would you angle the tube and what is it referred to as

A

30 degrees cadual referred to as the exaggerated Caldwell

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25
Q

PA Axial Caldwell; structures shown

A

orbital rims, maxillae, nasal septum, zygomatic bones, anterior nasal spine

26
Q

Lateral Nasal Bones; how are the baselines positioned

A

IOML parallel to the transverse axis of the IR

27
Q

Lateral Nasal Bones; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular to the bridge of the nose at a point 1.5 inches distal to the nasion

28
Q

SMV for Zygomatic Arches; how are the baselines positioned

A

IOML parallel to the IR (as much as possible)

29
Q

SMV for Zygomatic Arches; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular to IOML entering MSP of the throat at the level of 1 inch posterior to the outer canthi

30
Q

SMV for Zygomatic Arches; structures

A

bilateral zygomatic arches

31
Q

Tangential Projection for Zygomatic Arches; baseline postions

A

IOML parallel to IR

32
Q

Tangential Projection for Zygomatic Arches; patient position

A

rotate the MSP of the head 15 degrees toward side of interest; tilt the top of the head 15 degrees AWAY from the side of interest

33
Q

Tangential Projection for Zygomatic Arches; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular to IOML centered to the zygomatic arch approx. 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus

34
Q

Tangential Projection for Zygomatic Arches; structures

A

one zygomatic arch free of superimposition

35
Q

AP Axial Modified Towne Method; baseline position

A

OML perpendicular to IR

36
Q

AP Axial Modified Towne Method; if OML cannot be used, which other baseline can be centered with an alteration to the angulation of the tube

A

IOML 37 degrees caudad

37
Q

AP Axial Modified Towne Method; centering and CR direction

A

glabella at a 30 degrees caudad

38
Q

AP Axial Modified Towne Method; structures

A

zygomatic arches

39
Q

PA Mandibular Rami; what baseline is used for centering

A

OML perpendicular to IR (forehead and nose touching IR)

40
Q

PA Mandibular Rami; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular to exit the acanthion

41
Q

PA Mandibular Rami; structures

A

mandibular body and rami

42
Q

PA Axial Mandibular Rami; baselines

A

OML perpendicular to IR (forehead and nose touching IR)

43
Q

PA Axial Mandibular Rami; centering and CR direction

A

20 or 25 degrees cephalic to exit at the acanthion

44
Q

PA Mandibular Body; baselines

A

AML is perpendicular to IR

45
Q

PA Mandibular Body; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular to the level of the lips

46
Q

PA Axial Mandibular Body; baselines

A

AML perpendicular to IR

47
Q

PA Axial Mandibular Body; centering and CR direction

A

midway between the TMJs at an angle of 30 degrees cephalic

48
Q

Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible; baselines

A

Inter-pupillary line perpendicular to IR

49
Q

Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible; patient instructions

A

mouth closed with teeth together

50
Q

Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique RAMUS; positioning

A

head in true lateral

51
Q

Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique BODY; positioning

A

rotate patients head 30 degrees towards the IR

52
Q

Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique SYMPHYSIS; positioning

A

rotate patient’s head 45 degrees toward the IR

53
Q

Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible; centering and CR direction

A

25 degrees cephalad to pass directly through the mandibular region of interest

54
Q

SMV for the Mandible; baseline

A

IOML parallel to IR

55
Q

SMV for the Mandible; centering and CR direction

A

perpendicular to IOML and centered mid-way between the angles of the mandible

56
Q

SMV for the Mandible; structures

A

coronoid process, condyloide process of the rami

57
Q

AP Axial TMJ; baseline

A

OML is perpendicular to IR

58
Q

AP Axial TMJ; centering and CR direction

A

35 degrees caudad; centered midway between the TMJs and entering at a point approximately 3 inches above the nasion

59
Q

AP Axial TMJ; structures

A

condyles of the mandible and mandibular fossae of the temporal bones

60
Q

AP Axial TMJ; recommendations

A

one film with mouth open second with mouth closed

61
Q

Axiolateral TMJ; centering and CR direction

A

1/2 inch anterior and 2 inches superior to the upside EAM at a degree of 25 or 30 degrees caudad

Facial Bones and Sinuses (1 decks)

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