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Image interpretation theory > facial > Flashcards

facial Flashcards

1
Q

3 sutures in an adult skull

A

sagittal
coronal
lambdoid

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2
Q

structures in a baby skull

A

metopic suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture

anterior fontanelle
posterior fontanelle

parietal bone
occipital bone
frontal bone

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2
Q

what are the structures that can be identified in a lateral skull

A

coronal suture
lambdoid suture
vessels
petrous ridge
mastoid
sella turcica
orbits
nasal airways

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3
Q

what structures can be identified in an OM skull view

A

sinuses: frontal, and maxillary sinus
orbits
zygoma
zygomatic arch
mandible
nasal and ethmoid air cells
internal orbital canals
odontoid peg

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4
Q

what structures should be seen in a lateral facial view

A

sinuses: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary sinus
orbits, mandible, mandible ramus, mandible angles

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5
Q

criteria of an ideal lateral facial view

A

floor of anterior cranial fossa superimposed
mandibular angle is over the anterior cervical spine
check pituitary fossa, sella turcica for true lateral
check mandible angles for true lateral

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6
Q

how is patient positioned for lateral sinus view

A

supine, HBL

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7
Q

types of skull fracture

A

linear fracture (most common)
depressed fracture
diastatic
ping pong fracture

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8
Q

what is dolan line

A

consist of:
- orbital line
- zygomatic line
- maxillary line

evaluate:
- maxillofacial fractures on OM view

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9
Q

what are the lines on a facial bone xray to identify fractures

A
  • dolan line
  • McGrigor-Campbell lines
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10
Q

what are signs of an orbital blowout fracture

A

teardrop sign
black eyebrow sign

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11
Q

how can foreign bodies be introduced into a body

A

ingestion
aspiration
penetration
insertion
through medical surgical procedures

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12
Q

common causes for FB introduction

A

developmental immaturity
psychiatric illness
altered level of consciousness
structural dental anomalies
abnormal deglutition
illicit concealment of drugs
risky food

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13
Q

radiopacity of FB

A

metal and glass are mostly radiopaque, shown in
- plain x-ray
- US
- CT

wood and plastic are mostly radiolucent, shown in
- US
- CT

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14
Q

what structures can be seen in a lateral neck radiograph

A

epiglottis
hyoid bone
laryngeal ventricle
calcified cricoid cartilage
trachea

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15
Q

common site of FB

A

neck
abdomen
chest
body orifices

16
Q

indication for urgent removal of FB in esophagus

A
  • sharp object
  • button battery
  • bone fragment
  • any corrosive agents
  • potential perforation
17
Q

indications for urgent removal of FB in the stomach

A

persistent vomiting
progressive abdominal distention

18
Q

indications for urgent removal of FBs in abdomen

A

abdominal pain/ peritonitis
gastrointestinal bleeding
failure to move distally for more than 2 weeks

19
Q

indication of possible perforation of esophagus

A

air in
- cervical soft tissue
- subcutaneous
- supraclavicular
- mediastinum

pneumothorax
pleural effusion
retropharyngeal swelling

20
Q

what view to take for aspirated FB

A

expiratory in patients who can cooperate
if not, consider bilateral decubitus

21
Q

why is bilateral decubitus done for aspirated FB

A

assess air-trapping caused by inhaled FB
expectation is that the dependent lung will collapse partially in the normal patient
where there is an obstructive FB, there will be an air-trapping and hyperlucency of the dependent lung

22
Q

what is the teardrop sign in facial fracture associated with

A

-herniation of orbital contents through orbital floor
- associated fracture of the maxillary sinus allows air to leak into the orbit

23
Q

what does black eyebrow sign in an orbital blowout fracture associated with

A

fracture of the maxillary sinus allows air to leak into the orbit

24
Q

what structures can be identified by the first Dolan line?

A

fracture of the superior rim of orbits

black eyebrow sign due to orbital emphysema

opacification/ air-fluid level in the frontal sinuses side

25
Q

what structures can be identified by the second dolan line

A

widening of the zygomatico-frontal suture

26
Q

what structures can be identified by the third dolan line

A

mouth roof and maxillary sinuses

27
Q

where does the first dolan line run

A

orbital line

  • traces the inner margins of the lateral, inferior and medial orbital wall and the nasal arch
28
Q

where does the second dolan line run

A

zygomatic line

  • traces the superior margin of the zygomatic arch and body, extending along the frontal process of the zygoma to the zygomaticofrontal suture
29
Q

where does the third dolan line run

A

maxillary line

  • traces the inferior margin of the zygomatic arch, body and the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus
30
Q

how does the first line of McGrigor Campbell line run

A

passes through the zygomatico-frontal sutures and across the upper edge of the orbits

31
Q

how does the second line of McGrigor Campbell line run

A

follows the zygomatic arch, crosses the zygomatic bone and follows the inferior orbital margins to the opposite side

32
Q

how does the third line of McGrigor Campbell line run

A

connect the condyle and coronoid process of the mandible and medial wall of maxillary antra on each side

33
Q

how does the fourth line of McGrigor Campbell line run

A

passes the mandible ramus and the occlusal plane of teeth

34
Q

what does the first McGrigor Campbell line see

A
  • widening of zygomatico-frontal suture
  • fractures of the superior rim of the orbits
  • black eyebrow sign
  • opacification/ air-fluid level in the frontal sinuses side
35
Q

what does the second McGrigor Campbell line see

A
  • fracture of superior aspect of the zygomatic arch
  • fracture of inferior rim of orbits
  • soft tissue shadow in superior maxillary antrum
  • fracture of nasoethmoid bones and medial orbits
36
Q

what does the third McGrigor Campbell line see

A
  • fractures of the inferior aspect of zygomatic arch
  • fractures of the lateral maxillary antrum
  • opacification/ air fluid level in the maxillary sinus
  • fractures of the alveolar ridge

Image interpretation theory (5 decks)

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