Facia of neck

Question 1

What is the investing layer attached to superiorly?

Answer 1

• superior nuchal lines of occipital bones
• mastoid process of temporal bone
• zygomatic arches
• inferior border of the mandible
• hyoid bone
• spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

Question 2

Stylomandibular ligament

Answer 2

Is a thickened modification of the investing layer

Question 3

The inferior layer attaches inferiorly to the:

Answer 3

• manubrium of sternum
• clavicles
• acromions and spines of scapulae

Question 4

What is the investing layer continous with posteriorly?

Answer 4

• The periosteum covering the C7 spinous process

- Nuchal ligament

Question 5

What does the pretracheal layer blend with in the thorax?

Answer 5

The fibrous pericardium covering the heart

Question 6

Which facial layer extends from the hyioid bone and into the thorax?

Answer 6

The pretracheal layer

Question 7

How many parts does the preatracheal layer consist of?

Answer 7

• Muscular part: whoch encloses the infrahyoid muscle

- Visceral part: whoch encloses the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus

Question 8

Which facial layer is continous with the buccopharyngeal facia of the pharynx?

Answer 8

The pretracheal layer

Question 9

Whoch facia blends with the carotid sheaths?

Answer 9

The pretracheal layer.

Question 10

What does the investing layer invest?

Answer 10

• SCM muscle
• Trapezius muscle
• Submandibular gland
• Parotid gland

Question 11

Which muscles are associated with the prevertebral layer?

Answer 11

• Longus colli (anteriorly)
• Longus capitis (anteriorly)
• The scalenes (laterally)
• Deep cervial muscles (posteriorly)

Question 12

What is the prevertebral layer fixed to superiorly?

Answer 12

• The cranial base

Question 13

What does the prevertebral layer blend with inferiorly?

Answer 13

endothoracic facia

Question 14

What does the prevertebral fuse with peripherally?

Answer 14

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 15

Axillary sheath - facia

Answer 15

The prevertebral facia extends laterally as the axillary sheath.

Question 16

Axillary sheath

Answer 16

Surrounds the axillary vessles and brachial plexus

Question 17

What is embedded in the prevertebral layer?

Answer 17

The cervical parts of the sympathetic trunk

Question 18

What does the carotid sheath contain?

Answer 18

• common and internal carotid arteries
• internal jugular vein
• vagus nerve (CN X)
• some deep cervical lymph nodes
• carotid sinus nerve
• sympatheric nerve fibers (carotid peri-arterial plexuses)

Question 19

What communicates freely with the carotid sheath and pretrachial facia?

Answer 19

• mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly

- cranial cavity superiorly

Question 20

Which communications represent potetianl pathways for the spread of infection and extravasated blood?

Answer 20

The carotid sheath and the pretracheal facia communicate freely with the mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly and the cranial cavity superiorly

Question 21

Retropharyngeal space

Answer 21

is the largest and most important interfacial space in the neck

Question 22

what is continous with the pretracheal layer?

Answer 22

superiorly, the pretracheal space is continous with the buccopharyngeal space.

Question 23

The alar fascia

Answer 23

forms a further subdivision of the retropharyngeal space

Question 24

What does the Alar facia attach to?

Answer 24

This thin layer is attached along the midline of the buccopharyngeal fascia from the cranium to the level of the C7 vertebra. From this attachment, it extends laterally and terminates in the carotid sheath.

This space is closed superiorly by the cranial base and on each side by the carotid sheath. It opens inferiorly into the superior mediastinum

Question 25

What is the function of the Alar facia?

Answer 25

The retropharyngeal space permits movement of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea relative to the vertebral column during swallowing.