Facia of neck Flashcards
What is the investing layer attached to superiorly?
- superior nuchal lines of occipital bones
- mastoid process of temporal bone
- zygomatic arches
- inferior border of the mandible
- hyoid bone
- spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
Stylomandibular ligament
Is a thickened modification of the investing layer
The inferior layer attaches inferiorly to the:
- manubrium of sternum
- clavicles
- acromions and spines of scapulae
What is the investing layer continous with posteriorly?
- The periosteum covering the C7 spinous process
- Nuchal ligament
What does the pretracheal layer blend with in the thorax?
The fibrous pericardium covering the heart
Which facial layer extends from the hyioid bone and into the thorax?
The pretracheal layer
How many parts does the preatracheal layer consist of?
- Muscular part: whoch encloses the infrahyoid muscle
- Visceral part: whoch encloses the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus
Which facial layer is continous with the buccopharyngeal facia of the pharynx?
The pretracheal layer
Whoch facia blends with the carotid sheaths?
The pretracheal layer.
What does the investing layer invest?
- SCM muscle
- Trapezius muscle
- Submandibular gland
- Parotid gland
Which muscles are associated with the prevertebral layer?
- Longus colli (anteriorly)
- Longus capitis (anteriorly)
- The scalenes (laterally)
- Deep cervial muscles (posteriorly)
What is the prevertebral layer fixed to superiorly?
- The cranial base
What does the prevertebral layer blend with inferiorly?
endothoracic facia
What does the prevertebral fuse with peripherally?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Axillary sheath - facia
The prevertebral facia extends laterally as the axillary sheath.
Axillary sheath
Surrounds the axillary vessles and brachial plexus
What is embedded in the prevertebral layer?
The cervical parts of the sympathetic trunk
What does the carotid sheath contain?
- common and internal carotid arteries
- internal jugular vein
- vagus nerve (CN X)
- some deep cervical lymph nodes
- carotid sinus nerve
- sympatheric nerve fibers (carotid peri-arterial plexuses)
What communicates freely with the carotid sheath and pretrachial facia?
- mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly
- cranial cavity superiorly
Which communications represent potetianl pathways for the spread of infection and extravasated blood?
The carotid sheath and the pretracheal facia communicate freely with the mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly and the cranial cavity superiorly
Retropharyngeal space
is the largest and most important interfacial space in the neck
what is continous with the pretracheal layer?
superiorly, the pretracheal space is continous with the buccopharyngeal space.
The alar fascia
forms a further subdivision of the retropharyngeal space
What does the Alar facia attach to?
This thin layer is attached along the midline of the buccopharyngeal fascia from the cranium to the level of the C7 vertebra. From this attachment, it extends laterally and terminates in the carotid sheath.
This space is closed superiorly by the cranial base and on each side by the carotid sheath. It opens inferiorly into the superior mediastinum
What is the function of the Alar facia?
The retropharyngeal space permits movement of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea relative to the vertebral column during swallowing.
