Facebook group questions

Question 1

5. Which are zoonotic:
   a) roundworm and hepatitis
   b) giardia and leptospirosis
   c) distemper and rabies
   d) parvo and tapeworm

Answer 1

b) giardia and leptospirosis

Question 2

3. When a dog feels there is no correct answer he can give:
   a) adaptation
   b) Learned irrelevance
   c) Learned helplessness
   d) Overlearning

Answer 2

c) Learned helplessness

Question 3

3. A mom’s antibodies typically last about how long in a puppy:
   a) 1 week
   b) 2 weeks
   c) 3 weeks
   d) More than 4 weeks

Answer 3

d) More than 4 weeks

Question 4

1. When a dog is primed and ready to engage in learning:
   a) eustress
   b) learned irrelevance
   c) adaptation
   d) elicited behavior

Answer 4

a) eustress

Question 5

2. In Pavlov’s experiment, once the dog began pairing the bell with the food, the bell became a:
   a) neutral stimulus
   b) unconditioned stimulus
   c) conditioned stimulus
   d) conditioned response

Answer 5

c) conditioned stimulus

Question 6

1. Limited hold:
   a) how long you are willing to wait for a behavior to occur before reinforcing it
   b) when the dog offers a behavior before the cue has actually been given
   c) A trained behavior chain
   d) using an aversive stimuli as the cue

Answer 6

a) how long you are willing to wait for a behavior to occur before reinforcing it

Question 7

2. Whenever Smokey sees Kevin, he jumps up so Kevin will pet him. Joan is trying to train Smokey not to jump up on people. But this is hard because Kevin is using:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 7

a) R+

Question 8

4. During a puppy’s first two weeks of life:
   a) they begin to socially relate to dogs and humans
   b) they go through their first fear imprint period
   c) they begin to regulate their own body temperature
   d) they should be handled gently and often

Answer 8

d) they should be handled gently and often

Question 9

5. A dog is typically pregnant for about:
   a) 30 days
   b) 65 days
   c) 90 days
   d) close to 1 year

Answer 9

b) 65 days

Question 10

4. Discrimination and generalization are necessary for:
   a) stimulus control
   b) negative punishment
   c) schedule of reinforcement
   d) learned irrelevance

Answer 10

a) stimulus control

Question 11

5. Food acquisition and reproductive behaviors are examples of:
   a) domestication
   b) critical periods
   c) instinctive drift
   d) phylogenetic behavior

Answer 11

d) phylogenetic behavior

Question 12

1. The most effective reinforcement schedule when potty training a dog is:
   a) variable ratio
   b) continuous reinforcement
   c) fixed interval
   d) post reinforcement pause

Answer 12

b) continuous reinforcement

Question 13

2. Compared to dogs, wolves:
   a) have broader chests
   b) have a shorter socialization period
   c) are more frequently in heat
   d) have larger eyes

Answer 13

b) have a shorter socialization period

Question 14

5. The following is an example of a fixed action pattern:
   a) dog coming when he hears his name called
   b) dog running to the door when the doorbell rings
   c) dog circling several times before lying down
   d) clicking when a dog sits

Answer 14

c) dog circling several times before lying down

predictable series of actions triggered by a cue, sometimes called the key stimulus. Though a fixed action pattern is more complex than a reflex, it’s still automatic and involuntary. Once triggered, it will go on to completion, even if the key stimulus is removed in the meantime

Question 15

1. When a dog coincidently learns an irrelevant behavior along with the desired one, this is called:
   a) salience
   b) overshadowing
   c) superstitious behavior
   d) functional reinforcement

Answer 15

c) superstitious behavior

Question 16

5. Humans began selectively breeding dogs to create the modern breeds we have today how many years ago:
   a) 100-200
   b) 300-500
   c) 600-800
   d) more than 1,000

Answer 16

b) 300-500

Question 17

1. In Pavlov’s experiment, the dogs salivating at the presence of food is called:
   a) conditioned response
   b) natural stimulus
   c) unconditioned stimulus
   d) unconditioned response

Answer 17

d) unconditioned response

Question 18

5. Which of the following is true:
   a) adaptation involves learning
   b) adaptation does not tire the senses
   c) adaptation does not involve learning
   d) adaptation is the same as learned helplessness

Answer 18

c) adaptation does not involve learning

Question 19

3. Some challenges we face when working with clients include all of the following except:
   a) they treat their dog like a human baby
   b) they are stuck on old school training methods
   c) they have unrealistic expectations of their dog
   d) they use empathic listening

Answer 19

d) they use empathic listening

Question 20

5. When advising a client on selecting a new dog, you need to take into account:
   a) The dog’s adult weight
   b) The client’s level of fitness
   c) The dog’s exercise needs
   d) all of the above

Answer 20

d) all of the above

Question 21

All the following are true about rabies except:

a) it’s rarely fatal
b) it affects the dog’s central nervous system
c) symptoms include seizures
d) it’s transmitted by a bite from an infected animal

Answer 21

a) it’s rarely fatal

Question 22

4. When a dog is under threshold:
   a) The dog typically will go from no anxiety to high stress
   b) The stimulus causes the dog to lose understanding
   c) The stimulus is not strong enough to cause a reaction
   d) The dog is in a state of distress

Answer 22

c) The stimulus is not strong enough to cause a reaction

Question 23

2. The four stages of the female reproductive cycle are:
   a) anestrus, proestrus, estrus, diestrus
   b) anestrus, proestrus, estrous, diestrus
   c) anestrus, proestrous, estrus, diestrus
   d) none of the above

Answer 23

a) anestrus, proestrus, estrus, diestrus

Question 24

4. When using a Gentle Leader, the dog feels pressure on his muzzle when pulling on the leash, and the pressure is released when he stops pulling. The Gentle Leader works by:
   a) P+, then R+
   b) R-, then R+
   c) P+, then R-
   d) R-, then P-

Answer 24

c) P+, then R-

Question 25

1. Which of the following is a classically conditioned response:
   a) dog sits to get a treat
   b) dog stops pulling on leash when wearing a head halter
   c) dog was once sprayed by hose, and now runs away if hose is being used
   d) dog comes when called and gets praised

Answer 25

c) dog was once sprayed by hose, and now runs away if hose is being used

Question 26

5. In classical conditioning:
   a) The unconditioned stimulus must come before the neutral stimulus
   b) The conditioned response comes before the unconditioned response
   c) The neutral stimulus must come before the unconditioned stimulus
   d) The conditioned response comes before the neutral stimulus

Answer 26

c) The neutral stimulus must come before the unconditioned stimulus

Question 27

3. When clients ask you what they should feed their dog, the best response is:
   a) tell them to avoid grain-free
   b) Say that they should discuss it with their vet
   c) name three top brands that you like
   d) discuss how to make home-cooked food

Answer 27

b) Say that they should discuss it with their vet

Question 28

When Roxie pulled at the dining room tablecloth to get to the plate of chicken, the cloth slid off the table and all the dishes crashed to the floor. Now Roxie won’t go near the table. This is:

a) P-
b) classical conditioning
c) R-
d) unconditioned emotional response

Answer 28

b) classical conditioning

Question 29

5. Mitzi is a very excitable dog and whenever Sue offers her a treat, Mitzi jumps up on Sue and grabs the treat roughly. A trainer suggested that Sue turn her back on Mitzy and wait for her to sit. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 29

d) P-

Question 30

4. Sam, a professional trumpet player, just got a new dog. For the first few days, the dog would bark every time Sam practiced but now she sleeps through practice sessions. This is:
   a) differential reinforcement of excellent behavior
   b) counterconditioning
   c) sensitization
   d) habituation

Answer 30

d) habituation

Question 31

4. All of the following are reasons to use a student’s dog for a demo except:
   a) it shows the student his dog can perform the behavior
   b) The dog’s stress may interfere with his behavior
   c) it demonstrates how you can deal with unexpected behaviors
   d) it shows the class your skill in dealing with a dog who isn’t yours

Answer 31

b) The dog’s stress may interfere with his behavior

Question 32

3. Petunia does not like the feel of the new front doormat under her feet. When walking up to the doorway, she stands still, refusing to proceed until Greta pushes the doormat off to the side, away from the door. Only then will Petunia go through the doorway. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 32

b) R-

Question 33

4. A student asks a very complicated question during class. You should say:
   a) “Here is the Reader’s Digest answer that isn’t entirely accurate …”
   b) “That’s complex. You’ll want to do some research on that.”
   c) “I don’t have time to go into that now.”
   d) “That’s complicated. Why don’t we discuss it after class?”

Answer 33

d) “That’s complicated. Why don’t we discuss it after class?”

Question 34

4. Which of the following is an example of applying the principle of parsimony when we work with clients:
   a) listen attentively and provide a lot of feedback
   b) ask questions to ensure you understand the client
   c) choose the simplest, most practical method for dealing with the dog’s issue
   d) make sure the dog understands the consequences of his behavior

Answer 34

c) choose the simplest, most practical method for dealing with the dog’s issue

Question 35

1. It’s important to give clients:
   a) difficult criteria
   b) delayed feedback
   c) measurable goals
   d) clicker training skills

Answer 35

c) measurable goals

Question 36

1. A fearful dog might benefit from:
   a) martingale collar
   b) DAP diffuser
   c) Target stick
   d) muzzle

Answer 36

b) DAP diffuser

Dog Appeasing Pheromone

Question 37

1. Dogs typically go through their first fear imprint period between:
   a) birth to 4 weeks
   b) 4 to 6 months
   c) 8 to 11 weeks
   d) 12-16 weeks

Answer 37

c) 8 to 11 weeks

Question 38

4. “Actions have consequences” is generally linked to:
   a) Pavlov
   b) Skinner
   c) Dunbar
   d) Belyaev

Answer 38

b) Skinner

Question 39

2. Eating things that aren’t food is called:
   a) discrimination
   b) fluency
   c) pica
   d) leptospirosis

Answer 39

c) pica

Question 40

1. A dog who wants to decrease the distance will most likely have:
   a) forward ears
   b) whale eye
   c) raised tail
   d) wiggly body

Answer 40

d) wiggly body

Question 41

1. What is typically removed when a female is spayed in the United States:
   a) ovaries
   b) uterus
   c) ovaries and uterus
   d) cervix

Answer 41

c) ovaries and uterus

Question 42

5. All the following usually mean a dog is in distress except:
   a) sweaty paws
   b) Open mouth
   c) tucked tail
   d) brow ridges

Answer 42

b) Open mouth

Question 43

2. This fungus is highly contagious and humans can get it from their dogs:
   a) ringworm
   b) demodectic mange
   c) lice
   d) tapeworm

Answer 43

a) ringworm

Question 44

4. If you grab the scruff of a dog’s neck and it doesn’t snap back a few seconds after you release it, the dog may have:
   a) dehydration
   b) parvo
   c) kennel cough
   d) bloat

Answer 44

a) dehydration

Question 45

1. Using punishment:
   a) stops a behavior for good
   b) can make a fearful dog worse
   c) strengthens your relationship with your dog
   d) is never viewed as a reward by the dog

Answer 45

b) can make a fearful dog worse

Question 46

2. All the following are relevant questions to ask when taking on a new client except:
   a) The dog’s age
   b) if the dog is spayed or neutered
   c) If there are children in the house
   d) how frequently the dog is groomed

Answer 46

d) how frequently the dog is groomed

Question 47

1. Research shows your clients learn to train a new behavior best when they:
   a) watch you do it
   b) do it themselves
   c) read about how to do it
   d) listen to you explain how to do it

Answer 47

b) do it themselves

Question 48

2. Dogs typically begin boldly exploring their environments at what age:
   a) birth
   b) 3 to 4 months
   c) One year
   d) maturity

Answer 48

b) 3 to 4 months

Question 49

3. Because remote reinforcement dispensers tend to make a noise before dispensing food, they can become a:
   a) Primary reinforcer
   b) Desensitizer
   c) Secondary reinforcer
   d) Target

Answer 49

c) Secondary reinforcer

Question 50

4. Temperament tests:
   a) are a snapshot of a dog’s behavior at one point in time
   b) are always unreliable
   c) are accurate predictors of a dog’s adoptability
   d) determine how a dog will develop

Answer 50

a) are a snapshot of a dog’s behavior at one point in time

Question 51

4. With reinforcement schedules:
   a) Interval refers to a set number of responses
   b) Ratio refers to time
   c) Fixed refers to a changing number of responses
   d) Variable refers to an unpredictable number of responses

Answer 51

d) Variable refers to an unpredictable number of responses

Question 52

3. Whenever little Snickers goes to jump on the comfortable couch, big Phoenix stands in front of it and stares at the little dog until Snickers walks away. Phoenix does this because of:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 52

b) R-

Question 53

3. Asking a dog to sit five times before giving him a reward is which reinforcement schedule:
   a) fixed interval
   b) variable interval
   c) fixed ratio
   d) variable ratio

Answer 53

c) fixed ratio

Question 54

3. A client with lower back issues probably shouldn’t use:
   a) Front clip harness
   b) hands-free leash that goes around the waist
   c) martingale collar
   d) retractable leash

Answer 54

b) hands-free leash that goes around the waist

Question 55

5. In group class, it’s best to teach the most challenging behaviors:
   a) at the beginning of class when dogs are perky
   b) at the end of class when dogs are in the groove of the routine
   c) whenever you feel like it
   d) only to the most advanced students

Answer 55

a) at the beginning of class when dogs are perky

Question 56

4. One advantage of a martingale collar is:
   a) it’s safest for dogs who frequently play with other dogs
   b) it’s helpful for dogs who try to break out of their collars
   c) it can cause ear infections infections
   d) it always releases quickly if it gets caught on something

Answer 56

b) it’s helpful for dogs who try to break out of their collars

Question 57

2. You ask a client how successful they have been the past week getting their dog to hold “stay” for 10 seconds. They reply, “Oh, it was a busy week. We didn’t get around to practicing.” Your response should be:
   a) “Then how do you expect your dog to learn?”
   b) “Hey, it’s your money.”
   c) “Let’s try it now and see how he does.”
   d) “Don’t worry. All that matters is you’re here now.”

Answer 57

c) “Let’s try it now and see how he does.”

Question 58

3. Transmitted by ticks, symptoms of this disease can appear months after the bite:
   a) canine influenza
   b) Leptospirosis
   c) hepatitis
   d) Lyme disease

Answer 58

d) Lyme disease

Question 59

1. At birth, a puppy:
   a) Controls his body temperature
   b) has his eyes closed
   c) knows how to communicate with people
   d) goes through his first fear imprint

Answer 59

b) has his eyes closed

Question 60

2. In dog training, your tone of voice:
   a) has no impact since dogs are mostly visual
   b) can greatly influence a dog’s behavior
   c) is considered a punisher
   d) can’t be adapted to help the dog acquire a behavior

Answer 60

b) can greatly influence a dog’s behavior

Question 61

1. Dogs became genetically distinct from wolves about how many years ago:
   a) 5,000
   b) 60,000
   c) 130,000
   d) 200,000

Answer 61

c) 130,000

Question 62

2. Mitzi is a very excitable dog and whenever Sue offers her a treat, she jumps up on Sue and grabs the treat roughly. A trainer suggested tightly grabbing the dog’s collar and only letting go when she is standing quietly in front of her. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 62

b) R-

because this scenario ends with the collar grab being released as a reward for standing quietly. This is not talking about decreasing the jumping, but increasing the quiet behavior

Question 63

2. To stop Rex from barking, Sheila blasts an airhorn whenever he barks. She is trying to use:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 63

c) P+

Question 64

3. When young Jimbo wants to play with older dog Sadie, Sadie air snaps at Jimbo until he goes away. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 64

b) R-

Question 65

1. Dogs use agonistic behaviors to:
   a) escalate tension in a confrontation
   b) resolve social conflict
   c) antagonize another dog
   d) achieve fluency

Answer 65

b) resolve social conflict

Agonistic behaviors are those behaviors which cause, threaten to cause or seek to reduce physical damage. Agonistic behavior is comprised of threats, aggression and submission

Question 66

1. Sarcoptic mange:
   a) cannot be treated with special shampoos and injections
   b) can be found only in a dog’s feces
   c) in fact only ear canals
   d) is highly contagious

Answer 66

d) is highly contagious

Question 67

2. While dogs most commonly show no symptoms of this illness, they can transmit it easily to other dogs and even humans:
   a) sarcoptic mange
   b) giardia
   c) ear mites
   d) kennel cough

Answer 67

b) giardia

Question 68

4. A lab is afraid of the vacuum cleaner so you first let him see it at a distance where he doesn’t react, and you treat him. This is:
   a) flooding
   b) deprivation
   c) desensitization
   d) sensitization

Answer 68

c) desensitization

Told it was without food however…?

Question 69

2. Once Pavlov’s dogs knew the ringing of the bell meant food was coming, the bell became a:
   a) neutral stimulus
   b) unconditioned stimulus
   c) conditioned response
   d) conditioned stimulus

Answer 69

d) conditioned stimulus

Question 70

5. Senior dog Sam has learned there’s only one way to keep little puppies away from him so they won’t try to engage him in play. He gives them a hard stare and then a low growl. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 70

b) R-

Question 71

2. When young Jimbo and older dog Sadie play, Helen worries that the young pup is too much for Sadie. So when he gets too frisky, she puts him behind a baby gate until he settles down. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 71

d) P-

Question 72

2. A typical wolf pack:
   a) is led by the largest wolf
   b) is comprised of closely related individuals
   c) sees constant fights for leadership
   d) does not establish social groups

Answer 72

b) is comprised of closely related individuals

Question 73

1. Whenever Rocco makes eye contact with Jacky during a walk, she says “Good boy!” and he wags his tail. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 73

a) R+

Question 74

1. An example of intraspecific aggression would be:
   a) dog wrestling with a groundhog
   b) dog biting person who tries to take his food away
   c) dog picking up the scent of a fox
   d) dog breaking out of his collar and attacking dog across the street

Answer 74

d) dog breaking out of his collar and attacking dog across the street

intraspecific aggression, in which animals attack members of their own species.
Interspecific aggression is viewed as a device of behavioral interference employed in resource competition with individuals of other species

Question 75

2. Timmy’s previous trainer suggested the family throw a can of coins at him when he starts barking at the squirrels on the deck. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 75

c) P+

Question 76

4. Any given training plan should:
   a) depend on how well the client handles the leash
   b) be based on individual progress
   c) be contingent on the dog’s breed
   d) be based on the dog’s history

Answer 76

b) be based on individual progress

Question 77

5. Keeping a puppy in the kitchen behind a baby gate until he can be trusted in the living room is a type of:
   a) deprivation
   b) classical conditioning
   c) extinction
   d) desensitization

Answer 77

a) deprivation

Question 78

5. The student shows up 15 minutes after group class is already in progress. You should:
   a) carry on as you were
   b) tell the students to work on something while you bring the client up to speed
   c) tell the client you will spend 15 minutes with them after class
   d) ask another student to show the client what they missed while you continue with class

Answer 78

a) carry on as you were

Question 79

1. Baby gates:
   a) are positive punishment
   b) prevent a puppy from acquiring house training skills
   c) can help with introducing a puppy to a new dog
   d) work the same way as an invisible fence

Answer 79

c) can help with introducing a puppy to a new dog

Question 80

4. Which of the following is operant conditioning:
   a) dog sitting when a stranger approaches
   b) dog running behind your legs when is stranger approaches
   c) dog salivating when he hears the treat pouch opened
   d) dog hiding under bed when he hears thunder

Answer 80

a) dog sitting when a stranger approaches

Question 81

3. Moose likes to jump on visitors when they enter Wanda’s home. She now tells visitors to turn their backs on Moose and not move until he has settled down. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 81

d) P-

Question 82

5. You accidentally drop a piece of chicken on the floor and your dog makes a beeline for it. You quickly step in front of the chicken so your dog can’t reach. This is:
   a) flooding
   b) prompting
   c) negative reinforcement
   d) body blocking

Answer 82

d) body blocking

Question 83

4. An example of empathic listening is:
   a) taking notes while the client talks
   b) repeating what the client says in your own words
   c) asking questions as the client talks to ensure you understand
   d) telling the client you can relate to their feelings

Answer 83

b) repeating what the client says in your own words

Question 84

3. That most learning stems from trial and error is the basis of:
   a) Premack Principle
   b) classical conditioning
   c) Thorndike’s Law
   d) Belyaev’s experiments

Answer 84

c) Thorndike’s Law

Question 85

5. Good practices for your business should include all the following except:
   a) obtain a signed client confidentiality form
   b) take notes on each session
   c) ask the handler to create a safe training environment
   d) be prepared with emergency plans

Answer 85

c) ask the handler to create a safe training environment

Question 86

4. In a group class:
   a) a good ratio is 1 instructor to 10 students
   b) you should still provide some individual attention
   c) always stick to the advertised lesson plan
   d) enthusiastic dogs will lead to an out-of-control class

Answer 86

b) you should still provide some individual attention

Question 87

4. For the past three weeks of class, Frodo has been responding reliably to the “down” cue. Now in week four, he seems disinterested and doesn’t respond to the cue. You should recommend:
   a) speaking louder to the dog
   b) taking the dog to another location and asking again
   c) gently pressing on the dog’s back
   d) giving higher value treats

Answer 87

d) giving higher value treats

Question 88

5. Timmy loves hanging out in the living room when the family is watching TV. But lately, he’s been barking loudly whenever he sees a squirrel on the deck. You suggested whenever Timmy does this, he should be removed from the living room and not allowed back until he quiets down. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 88

d) P-

Question 89

3. According to the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior, a 10-week-old puppy:
   a) should attend puppy training class
   b) is too young to attend training class
   c) risks contracting no certain diseases if he attends training class
   d) should never attend before being fully vaccinated

Answer 89

a) should attend puppy training class

Question 90

2. The basic premise of operant conditioning is that the:
   a) stimulus triggers a response which results in a consequence
   b) stimulus must be conditioned to produce a response
   c) consequence happens before the behavior
   d) stimulus is associated with an emotional response

Answer 90

a) stimulus triggers a response which results in a consequence

Question 91

5. All the following are important teaching skills except:
   a) Stick to the designated training plan
   b) Observe client’s training skills
   c) Help client prioritize goals
   d) Motivate client to participate in training

Answer 91

a) Stick to the designated training plan

Question 92

3. It’s common to see a dog’s tongue flicking in photos because:
   a) dogs are often stressed by photos
   b) dogs want to lick the phone or camera
   c) dogs are displaying aggression
   c) dogs are displaying relaxed behavior

Answer 92

a) dogs are often STRESSED by photos

Question 93

1. For three straight sessions of your group class, a client has interrupted constantly with loud, negative remarks. You should:
   a) wait until after class and then suggest the client find another trainer
   b) tell the client you’ve had enough and to get out of the class
   c) smile after each remark and thank the client for sharing
   d) ignore the client and carry on

Answer 93

a) wait until after class and then suggest the client find another trainer

Question 94

2. You ask a dog to perform “down” and reward him after he has held it for five seconds. Next time, he is rewarded after 10 seconds, and the next time, after seven seconds. This is:
   a) fixed interval reinforcement
   b) variable interval reinforcement
   c) fixed ratio reinforcement
   d) variable ratio reinforcement

Answer 94

b) variable interval reinforcement

Question 95

4. Now that Jackson has mastered “touch,” Neil only rewards the dog when he touches Neil’s hand directly in the center of his palm. This is differential reinforcement of:
   a) incompatible behavior
   b) alternative behavior
   c) excellent behavior
   d) other behavior

Answer 95

c) excellent behavior

Question 96

5. If a private client hasn’t mastered any of the training techniques you taught the week before, it’s best to:
   a) stick to the schedule and move on to new skills
   b) point out everything they’re doing wrong and have them try again
   c) work on the previous lesson until they understand it better
   d) suggest they hire another trainer

Answer 96

c) work on the previous lesson until they understand it better

Question 97

5. When Irene walks Heidi who is a dog-reactive dog, and she sees a dog approaching, Irene moves Heidi to the other side of the road to increase the distance between the dogs. This is part of the process of:
   a) negative punishment
   b) generalization
   c) counter-conditioning
   d) desensitization

Answer 97

d) desensitization

Question 98

2. In class, you notice two dogs about 8 feet apart giving each other a hard stare. You should immediately:
   a) clap your hands and give everyone a behavior to practice
   b) Direct the class to observe the two dogs’ body language
   c) ask the handlers to allow the dogs to sniff each other for three seconds
   d) position yourself between the dogs to reduce eye contact

Answer 98

d) position yourself between the dogs to REDUCE EYE CONTACT

Question 99

2. Giselle tends to get overexcited when Rob comes home from work and she jumps on him. You’ve told him to turn his back on the big dog, wait until she’s sitting calmly, then turn slowly and tell her she’s a good girl while patting her head. This is:
   a) R+, then R-
   b) R-, then R+
   c) P+, then R-
   d) P-, then R+

Answer 99

d) P-, then R+

Question 100

5. When doing a moving exercise around the room in a group class, all the following are true except:
   a) you should have only a few dogs work at a time to keep arousal levels low
   b) dogs often want to chase or sniff the dog in front of them
   c) people tend to cut corners when walking along the perimeter
   d) you should make the exercise last as long as it takes to tire out the dogs

Answer 100

d) you should make the exercise last as long as it takes to tire out the dogs

Question 101

3. A client brings a dog to the first day of class. The dog is lunging on the leash, snarling, and snapping at the other dogs while the client STRUGGLES to maintain control. You should:
   a) move the dog a few feet away from everyone and begin class
   b) ask the student if they have the dog’s vet records
   c) tell the student to shorten her hold on the leash
   d) suggest to the student that she first take a few private lessons

Answer 101

d) suggest to the student that she first take a few private lessons

Question 102

1. A dog’s adolescence can last up to:
   a) 3 months
   b) 6 months
   c) 12 months
   d) 24 months

Answer 102

d) 24 months

Question 103

5. Action patterns are:
   a) instinctive behaviors in dogs
   b) agility skills a dog can learn
   c) agonistic behaviors
   d) submissive behaviors

Answer 103

a) instinctive behaviors in dogs

Question 104

4. A female’s pregnancy can be confirmed during:
   a) anestrus
   b) estrous
   c) estrus
   d) diestrus

Answer 104

d) diestrus

Question 105

4. And ovariohysterectomy is:
   a) removal of ovaries
   b) removal of testes
   c) removal of ovaries and uterus
   d) a GI condition

Answer 105

c) removal of ovaries and uterus

Question 106

2. A dog with a fever, nose and eye discharge, and coughing may have:
   a)  rabies
   b)  distemper
   c) lepto
   d) sarcoptic mange

Answer 106

b)  distemper

Question 107

3. Who put forth the idea that behavior is controlled by a stimulus, resulting in an action and a consequence:
   a)  Pavlov
   b) Skinner
   c) Premack
   d) Belyaev

Answer 107

b) Skinner

Question 108

3. A dog is rewarded only after he responds to the cue for “sit“ five times. This is:
   a) fixed interval reinforcement
   b) variable interval reinforcement
   c) fixed ratio reinforcement
   d) variable ratio reinforcement

Answer 108

c) fixed ratio reinforcement

Question 109

5. The window tends to shut on dogs incorporating new experiences as part of their regular world by:
   a) 3 weeks
   b) 8 weeks
   c) 14 weeks
   d) 24 weeks

Answer 109

c) 14 weeks

Question 110

4. Dog domestication took place roughly how many years ago:
   a) 5,000 to 15,000
   b) 27,000 to 40,000
   c) 45,000 to 58,000
   d) more than 75,000

Answer 110

b) 27,000 to 40,000

Question 111

5. When little Nigel becomes too rambunctious during playtime, Diane puts him in an X-pen and won’t remove him unless he calms down. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 111

d) P-

Question 112

5. When we first train a behavior, we typically use:
   a) continuous reinforcement
   b) post-reinforcement pause
   c) variable interval reinforcement
   d) extinction burst

Answer 112

a) continuous reinforcement

Question 113

1. When does a wolf cub begin experiencing fear as opposed to a puppy:
   a) 8 weeks compared to 3 weeks
   b) birth compared to 5 weeks
   c) 1 week compared to 4-8 weeks
   d) 3 weeks compared to 8-16 weeks

Answer 113

d) 3 weeks compared to 8-16 weeks

Question 114

3. Empathic listening skills include:
   a) understanding and stating the emotions behind the words.
   b) asking key questions.
   c) hearing the words and ignoring the tone.
   d) offering lots of reassurance.

Answer 114

a) understanding and stating the emotions behind the words.

Question 115

5. An example of an elicited (reflexive) response is:
   a) A dog salivating at the site of food
   b) A dog sitting when cued
   c) A dog coming when called
   d) A dog running into the kitchen at the sound of the food container opening

Answer 115

a) A dog salivating at the site of food

Question 116

5. When an unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response:
   a) the conditioned stimulus is connected to a conditioned response
   b) the dog is acquiring the behavior
   c) learning is beginning to take place
   d) no learning has taken place

Answer 116

d) no learning has taken place

Question 117

5. In which phase do a puppy‘s eyes and ears open:
   a) neonatal
   b) socialization period
   c) transition period
   d) fear imprint period

Answer 117

c) transition period

Question 118

2. Dogs pay more attention to the hand signal for sit rather than the word “sit“ because of:
   a) spontaneous recovery
   b) eustress
   c) salience
   d) capturing

Answer 118

c) salience

Question 119

1. A response producing a satisfying outcome is more likely to be repeated:
   a) Law of Parsimony
   b) Thorndike’s Law of Effect
   c) Premack Principle
   d) unconditioned response

Answer 119

b) Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Question 120

3. During classical conditioning, you pair the:
   a) conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus
   b) neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus
   c) neutral stimulus with the conditioned stimulus
   d) unconditioned response with the conditioned response

Answer 120

b) neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 121

4. At first, a dog hates the smell of a groomer’s shampoo. But after a while, he barely notices it. This is:
   a) Learned irrelevance
   b) overlearning
   c) learned helplessness
   d) adaptation

Answer 121

d) adaptation

Question 122

3. Which statement is incorrect:
   a) dogs play readily; wolves rarely play
   b) wolves and dogs reach social maturity between 18 and 24 months
   c) Wolf-to-wolf aggression is uncommon
   d) wolves and dogs reach sexual maturity by nine months

Answer 122

d) wolves and dogs reach sexual maturity by nine months

Question 123

3. Giving clients specific feedback includes all the following except:
   a) “Your voice sounds more positive and friendly now.“
   b) “Good job, you’re doing great.“
   c) “Nice way to encourage the eye contact.“
   d) “Excellent timing on delivering the treats.“

Answer 123

b) “Good job, you’re doing great.“

Question 124

2. According to the CCPDT code of ethics, if you know of a trainer in your area who shocks or helicopters dogs as a training method, you should:
   a) Report him to the organization
   b) tell clients to stay away from him
   c) meet with the trainer to discuss alternate training methods
   d) make no comment about him to anyone

Answer 124

d) make no comment about him to anyone
If CCPDT trainer = A, if not = D Because this question does not specify that the trainer is a CPDT trainer, the answer is D.

Question 125

3. Foul smelling diarrhea and vomiting may indicate:
   a) Giardia
   b) Demodectic mange
   c) ringworm
   d) lice

Answer 125

a) Giardia

Question 126

5. A client comes to class saying her dog threw up and had diarrhea earlier, but “seems fine“ now. You should:
   a) tell her to take the dog to the vet immediately
   b) tell her she can attend class
   c) tell her it’s best if she doesn’t attend class
   d) tell her to stay but take the dog to the other side of the room

Answer 126

c) tell her it’s best if she doesn’t attend class
The dog is doing okay currently so a vet trip might be pre mature, but best to err on the side of caution and not allow the dog to attend class.

Question 127

5. In general, a puppy will begin building relationships with people at what age:
   a) 6-8 weeks
   b) 9-12 weeks
   c) after three months
   d) after six months

Answer 127

a) 6-8 weeks

Question 128

1. A stimulus or response that has meaning that was taught:
   a) generalized
   b) unconditioned
   c)  habituated
   d) conditioned

Answer 128

d) conditioned

Question 129

1. Giardia and coccidia are:
   a) zoonotic
   b) conditions that cannot be passed from dog to human
   c) transmitted by ticks
   d) serious skin conditions

Answer 129

a) zoonotic

Question 130

2. A dog chasing a squirrel scrambling up a tree is an example of:
   a) aggression
   b) hunger
   c) predatory behavior
   d) redirected behavior

Answer 130

c) predatory behavior

Question 131

4. A client says he took his anxious dog to the dog park to help him get over his fear of dogs. This is:
   a)  shaping
   b) a great idea
   c) overshadowing
   d) flooding

Answer 131

d) flooding

Question 132

3.  When Tammy sits down to play the piano, her dog starts barking. Tammy now stops playing the piano when he barks because it quiets him. But the dog continues barking each time Tammy sits down at the piano. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 132

b) R-

Question 133

1. All the following are problems with a retractable leash accept:
   a) they allow the dog the freedom to walk far ahead of you
   b) their thin cord can cause injury
   c) you have limited control over the dog
   d) they are useful for teaching recall

Answer 133

d) they are useful for teaching recall

Question 134

3. Submission and avoidance are considered:
   a) aggressive behaviors
   b) agonistic behaviors
   c) chaining
   d) overshadowing of behaviors

Answer 134

b) agonistic behaviors

Question 135

2. All the following could be considered problematic maternal behaviors except:
   a) not removing the fetal membrane
   b) growling at a rough pup
   c) insufficient nursing
   d) consuming a pup with the afterbirth

Answer 135

b) growling at a rough pup

Question 136

5. Leptospirosis is typically transmitted via:
   a) tick bites
   b) Air
   c) urine
   d) lice

Answer 136

c) urine

Question 137

2. It is the first night of class and a student has their dog in a prong collar. You should say:
   a) That’s against CCPDT ethics and I need you to remove it
   b) Can I ask why you are using a prong collar?
   c) I am a positive reinforcement trainer, and I can’t let you use that on your dog
   d) No one is admitted to class with their dog in a prong collar

Answer 137

b) Can I ask why you are using a prong collar?

Question 138

3. In your class, the best place to put an excitable dog is:
   a) away from the entry door
   b) close to the entry door
   c) next to a calm dog
   d) near another excitable dog

Answer 138

a) away from the entry door

Question 139

1. All are true about LIMA except:
   a) it includes the humane hierarchy
   b) it encourages you to ask clients what they want the dog to do
   c) it seeks to prevent the abuse of inhumane practices
   d) it encourages positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement as the first line of training

Answer 139

d) it encourages positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement as the first line of training

Question 140

5. When a dog displays distance decreasing behavior, he is probably:
   a) stressed
   b) looking for social interaction
   c) conflicted
   d) tired

Answer 140

b) looking for social interaction

Question 141

1. Intraspecific aggression is:
   a) dogs attacking members of their own species
   b) dogs attacking members of other species
   c) dogs attacking humans
   d) predatory behavior

Answer 141

a) dogs attacking members of their own species

Question 142

2. To train her dog to retrieve, Pat first has the dog hold and release a toy back to her hand. This is:
   a) chaining
   b) backward chaining
   c) shaping
   d) capturing

Answer 142

b) backward chaining

Question 143

4. When a dog is dehydrated:
   a) he may go into shock
   b) you should put him in an ice bath
   c) he may develop bloat
   d) he probably has Lyme disease

Answer 143

a) he may go into shock

Question 144

4. You are into the third week of class and a student tells you again that she had no time to work with her dog. You should say:
   a) Good luck winding up with a trained dog at the end of this
   b) Don’t worry, your dog is learning a lot in class
   c) If you want a trained dog, you need to practice training
   d) I’m sure you realize dog training is like learning to play the piano: you need to practice to get results

Answer 144

d) I’m sure you realize dog training is like learning to play the piano: you need to practice to get results

Question 145

4. Every time a dog offers his paw to shake, he is given a treat:
   a) variable ratio of reinforcement
   b) negative reinforcement
   c) fixed interval of reinforcement
   d) continuous reinforcement

Answer 145

d) continuous reinforcement

Question 146

1. All the following are helpful descriptions from a client about a dog’s behavior except:
   a) he sleeps in a crate in my room at night
   b) he is given three walks a day of at least a half an hour
   c) he barks at other dogs on our walks
   d) he is aggressive

Answer 146

d) he is aggressive

Question 147

2. All of the following are true about the CCPDT Code of Ethics except:
   a) you must comply with laws regarding animal bites
   b) you are required to represent all training as scientific to clients
   c) you must keep accurate records of all clients
   d) you need to seek outside help if you are dealing with a difficult case

Answer 147

b) you are required to represent all training as scientific to clients

Question 148

1. During the neonatal period, pups:
   a) start to open their eyes
   b) depend on their mom for everything
   c) startle upon hearing noises
   d) are fearful of everything

Answer 148

b) depend on their mom for everything

Question 149

3. To stop her dog from pulling on walks, Jessica stops walking if the dog pulls and resumes walking when the leash is loose.
   a) R-, then P-
   b) P-, then R-
   c) R-, then R+
   d) P-, then R+

Answer 149

d) P-, then R+

Question 150

4. A disadvantage of a flat collar with a quick release buckle is:
   a) it can easily be released if the collar gets caught on something
   b) it does not have to be tightened
   c) an excited dog can come out of it on a walk
   d) it applies pressure to the dog’s muzzle

Answer 150

c) an excited dog can come out of it on a walk

Question 151

2. Whenever Kevin comes home from work, his Lab, Jackson, charges the door and jumps on him. A colleague suggested Kevin knee Jackson in the chest to get him to stop, but the dog still continues jumping. This is:
   a) R+ to the dog, P+ to the human
   b) R- to the dog, P+ to the human
   c) P+ to the dog, P- to the human
   d) P+ to the dog, R- to the human

Question 152

2. Whenever Kevin comes home from work, his Lab, Jackson, charges the door and jumps on him. A colleague suggested Kevin knee Jackson in the chest to get him to stop, but the dog still continues jumping. This is:
   a) R+ to the dog, P+ to the human
   b) R- to the dog, P+ to the human
   c) P+ to the dog, P- to the human
   d) P+ to the dog, R- to the human

Answer 152

a) R+ to the dog, P+ to the human

Question 153

2. If a dog receives proper oral hygiene, you may see a reduction in all but:
   a) chewing
   b) gum disease
   c) tooth decay
   d) heart disease

Answer 153

a) chewing

Question 154

1. “Airplane ears” typically indicate:
   a) fear
   b) uncertainty
   c) aggression
   d) Poor circulation

Answer 154

b) uncertainty

Question 155

1. A dog’s first fear imprint period may appear starting at:
   a) birth
   b) 2 weeks
   c) 4 weeks
   d) 8 weeks

Answer 155

d) 8 weeks

Question 156

2. Agonistic behaviors are used for:
   a) conflict resolution
   b) provoking confrontation
   c) defending territory
   d) stimulus control

Answer 156

a) conflict resolution

Question 157

3. The longest phase of a female’s reproductive cycle is:
   a) diestrus
   b) anestrus
   c) estrus
   d) proestrus

Answer 157

b) anestrus

Question 158

5. A dog’s normal body temperature is:
   a) 98.6
   b) around 100 to 102.5
   c) below 98
   d) 102 to 105

Answer 158

b) around 100 to 102.5

Question 159

4. The stage referred to as “standing heat” is:
   a) estrus
   b) estrous
   c) proestrus
   d) anestrus

Answer 159

a) estrus

Receptive to males and will stand still (ie “standing heat”) for breeding

Question 160

5. To change a conditioned response, you should try:
   a) a neutral stimulus
   b) habituation
   c) adaptation
   d) desensitization/counterconditioning

Answer 160

d) desensitization/counterconditioning

Question 161

5. A dog whose mouth is hanging open and whose body is curved is most likely signaling:
   a) tension
   b) aggression
   c) decrease in distance
   d) increase in distance

Answer 161

c) decrease in distance

Question 162

4. Coccidia symptoms are:
   a) Rice-like parasites in the feces
   b) diarrhea and vomiting
   c) bloating and scooting
   d) coughing and nasal discharge

Answer 162

b) diarrhea and vomiting

Question 163

4. The neonatal period typically lasts:
   a) through the first week
   b) birth to two weeks
   c) birth to three months
   d) four to six weeks

Answer 163

b) birth to two weeks

Question 164

4. All the following are true of a puppy’s transition period except:
   a) it’s the most important developmental stage
   b) The eyes and ears open
   c) The teeth erupt
   d) he can regulate his own temperature

Answer 164

a) it’s the most important developmental stage

Question 165

5. A dog running to the front door at the sound of the leash is an example of:
   a) phylogenetic behavior
   b) ontogenetic behavior
   c) food acquisition
   d) instinctive drift

Answer 165

b) ontogenetic behavior

Question 166

4. Spontaneous recovery is when a:
   a) previously conditioned response is extinguished
   b) response is spontaneously conditioned
   c) dog recovers his energy after a period of rest
   d) previously extinguished conditioned response returns after rest

Answer 166

d) previously extinguished conditioned response returns after rest

Question 167

4. Decreasing the frequency of a conditioned behavior by removing reinforcement:
   a) emitted behavior
   b) extinction
   c) generalization
   d) extinction burst

Answer 167

b) extinction

Question 168

2. A dog who is walking stiffly and lethargically may have:
   a) parvo
   b) hepatitis
   c) ringworm
   d) Lyme disease

Answer 168

d) Lyme disease

Question 169

5. This breed is known for high pain tolerance, resilience, and great digging ability:
   a) spaniel
   b) terrier
   c) shepherd
   d) Great Pyrenees

Answer 169

b) terrier

Question 170

3. Very common in shelter dogs, symptoms of this tend to be diarrhea and weight loss:
   a) sarcoptic mange
   b) giardia
   c) distemper
   d) Heartworm

Answer 170

b) giardia

Question 171

5. This disease is transmitted via saliva and is fatal to nearly all warm-bloodd animals:
   a) Leptospirosis
   b) hepatitis
   c) Lyme disease
   d) Rabies

Answer 171

d) Rabies

Question 172

2. Dogs branched off from gray wolves to become canis lupus familiaris about how many years ago?
   a) 5,000
   b) 15,000
   c) 33,000
   d) 130,000

Answer 172

c) 33,000

Question 173

5. Ed is teaching his dog to walk up a ramp to get into his car by first placing the dog in the car seat, then putting the dog on the ramp, and then having him on the ground in front of the ramp. This is:
   a) targeting
   b) capturing
   c) forward chaining
   d) back chaining

Answer 173

d) back chaining

Question 174

4. When Jill brings her dog Kirby to meet a shelter dog she’s thinking of adopting, the shelter dog averts her eyes and doesn’t engage with Kirby. Your evaluation is:
   a) the shelter dog is displaying avoidance and this might not be a good fit.
   b) the dogs had no conflict and seemed to get along OK.
   c) the shelter dog is submitting to Kirby and so the two will get along.
   d) the shelter dog is trying to decrease her distance from Kirby.

Answer 174

a) the shelter dog is displaying avoidance and this might not be a good fit.

Question 175

2. Extinction is most closely related to:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 175

d) P-

Question 176

1. Female dogs are typically pregnant for about how many days:
   a) 94
   b) 28
   c) 45
   d) 63

Answer 176

d) 63

Question 177

2. Parvo is transmitted through:
   a) germs in the air
   b) infected saliva
   c) contact with infected feces
   d) unclean water bowls

Answer 177

c) contact with infected feces

Question 178

4. Marissa is carrying a bag of treats. Waldo barks and barks until Marissa can’t take it anymore, so she goes into her room and shuts the door. She comes out and gives Waldo a treat only when the barking has stopped. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 178

d) P-

Specifically because it says when the barking has stopped (so she wanted to decrease a behavior)

Question 179

2. Whenever Dixie goes out for a walk with Kathy, the dog pulls and yanks on the leash if she sees a squirrel. Kathy is tired of her shoulder aching on these walks. Kathy kneels on the ground, wrapping her arms around Dixie and holding the dog in place. She only lets go when Dixie seems calm. This is:
   a) R+
   b) R-
   c) P+
   d) P-

Answer 179

b) R-

Lets go when Dixie is calm (she is trying to reinforce a behavior; thus R. Dixie makes the tight hold go aaway thus -

Question 180

5. Poor impulse control can be seen in:
   a) sight hounds
   b) reactive dogs
   c) displacement behavior
   d) male dogs

Answer 180

b) reactive dogs

Question 181

5. All the following can be used to reward a dog who isn’t treat motivated except:
   a) praise
   b) massage
   c) toys
   d) kibble

Answer 181

d) kibble

Question 182

5. The dogs wagging tail “below the horizon” most likely means:
   a) The dog needs distance
   b) high arousal
   c) aggression
   d) safe to approach

Answer 182

d) safe to approach

Question 183

5. Vaccines are typically given to puppies at all the following ages except:
   a) 3 weeks
   b) 8 weeks
   c) 12 weeks
   d) 16 weeks

Answer 183

a) 3 weeks

Question 184

1. When Diego had an accident in the house, Jessica removed him from the living room and put him in an X-pen:
   a) R-
   b) P+
   c) P-
   d) management

Answer 184

d) management

The question doesn’t state anything about desiring to increase or decrease a behavior; thus managment.

Question 185

2. Up until one year of age, a dog typically will have a resting heart rate of:
   a) up to 30 beats per minute
   b) up to 50 beats per minute
   c) up to 180 beats per minute
   d) up to 240 beats per minute

Answer 185

c) up to 180 beats per minute

Question 186

1. When Shadow jumped on the stove in hopes of getting food, he burned his paws and ran away whimpering. Shadow doesn’t jump on the stove anymore because of:
   a) classical conditioning
   b) operant learning
   c) environmental stimuli
   d) appeasement

Answer 186

a) classical conditioning
Note that shadow had an emotional response as indicated by whimpering. If the questions indicates “emotional response” it is most likely classical conditioning.

Question 187

2. In the ABCs of operant learning, the C tells us:
   a) whether something has been added or removed
   b) whether the behavior is likely to be strengthened or weakened
   c) whether the antecedent was a conditional stimulus
   d) whether the behavior had an antecedent

Answer 187

a) whether something has been added or removed
The P (prediction) would tell us if the behavior would be strengthened or weakened.

Question 188

3. According to the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior:
   a) puppies must be vaccinated at birth
   b) even eight week old puppies benefit from group training class
   c) puppies cannot attend group class if not vaccinated
   d) puppy vaccines are blocked by maternal antibodies

Answer 188

b) even eight week old puppies benefit from group training class

Question 189

4. Maternal immunity means:
   a) Immunity that develops in response to exposure to disease
   b) A mother’s immunity
   c) Female dogs don’t need to be vaccinated
   d) Immunity pups receive from their mother

Answer 189

d) Immunity pups receive from their mother

Question 190

1. A dog who is licking another dog’s mouth with his ears back and groveling, is displaying:
   a) passive submission
   b) avoidance
   c) Active submission
   d) latency of response

Answer 190

c) Active submission

Question 191

2. A clicker:
   a) is neutral until paired with a primary reinforcer
   b) is positive reinforcement
   c) always more effective than a verbal cue
   d) helps manage the environment

Answer 191

a) is neutral until paired with a primary reinforcer