face, temporal and infratemporal fossa Flashcards
What are the key muscles of the face and what are their roles
occipitofrontalis- elevates eyebrows
orbicularis oculi- closes eyelids
orbicularis oris- closes mouth
zygomatic major- elevates labial commissure
buccinator- compresses cheek
platysma- depresses mandible against resistance, tenses fascia of the neck.
Outline innervation to the face
cutaneous innervation by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve 5)
all muscle of facial expression supplied by the facial nerve (cranial nerve 7)
outline cranial nerve 7 (facial)
type: sensory, taste, general motor and visceral motor
where does it exist: internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen.
What is the parotid gland
The largest of the salivary gland and delivers serous fluid to aid digestion, the parotid gland is superficial to muscles, parotid duct opens into the oral cavity at the upper second molar tooth. the retromandibular vein and external carotid artery run through it and the facial nerve passes through the parotid gland.
What are the muscles of mastication
temporalis- elevation, retraction
masseter- elevation
medial pterygoid- elevation, side to side
lateral pterygoid- protrusion and depression
supplied by the motor branch of V3
Outline cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
type: somatic and somatic motor to derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch
3 divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular (V1,2,3)
exit: superior orbital fissure v1, foramen rotundum v2 and foramen ovale v3
Outline the ophthalmic division (V1)
type: sensory fibre skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, front of head and nose
path: branches into: lacrimal, nasocillary, frontal
exit: superior orbital fissure.
Outline the maxillary division (V2)
type: sensory fibres dura, nasal, upper cheek, lip and teeth
path: enters pterygopalatine ganglion, through the inferior orbital fissure.
exit: foramen rotundum
branches: infraorbital, zygomatic, superior alveolar.
Outline the mandibular division (V3)
type: mixed, sensory, lower face, lip, teeth. motor to the muscle of mastication.
exit: foramen ovale
branches:
sensory: auriculotemporal, buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mental.
motor: temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohoid
parasympathetic (hitch-hiking to salivary glands)
Outline the temporal and infratemporal fossa
the temporal fossa is a fan-shaped space that is located on the lateral surface of the skull
the temporal fossa contains: temporalis muscle, branches of V2
the infratemporal fossa is inferior to the temporal fossa
the infratemporal fossa contains medial and lateral pterygoids, maxillary artery, V3, branches of the facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and pterygoid plexus of veins.
Outline the arterial supply to the face
key branches: lingual, facial, maxillary and superficial temporal.
Outline venous drainage to the face
facial vein drains the majority of the face, starting neat the eye
the facial vein passes inferiorly and drains into the internal jugular vein.
the superficial temporal vein drains into the external jugular vein.
