Face And Scalp

Question 1

What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone?

Answer 1

Hyoid bone

Question 2

List the parts of the hyoid bone.

Answer 2

Body, greater cornua (2), lesser cornua (2)

Question 3

Which ligament connects the hyoid bone to the skull?

Answer 3

Stylohyoid ligament

Question 4

Which membrane connects the hyoid bone to the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 4

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 5

Mnemonic for scalp layers from superficial to deep.

Answer 5

S - Skin, C - Connective tissue, A - Aponeurosis, L - Loose areolar tissue, P - Pericranium

Question 6

What muscle moves the scalp?

Answer 6

Occipitofrontalis

Question 7

What layers of the scalp move as a unit during scalp movement?

Answer 7

Skin, Connective tissue, and Aponeurosis (SCA)

Question 8

Where are the emissary veins located in the scalp?

Answer 8

Loose areolar tissue layer

Question 9

Which nerve innervates the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

Answer 9

Temporal branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 10

Name two trigeminal branches that supply the anterior scalp.

Answer 10

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital nerves (from CN V1)

Question 11

Which nerve supplies the lateral scalp near the temple?

Answer 11

Zygomaticotemporal nerve (from CN V2)

Question 12

What nerve supplies the posterior scalp and occipital region?

Answer 12

Greater occipital nerve (C2)

Question 13

Which layer of the scalp contains the blood vessels?

Answer 13

Dense connective tissue layer (C layer)

Question 14

List arteries supplying the scalp from anterior to posterior.

Answer 14

Supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital

Question 15

Why do scalp wounds bleed profusely?

Answer 15

Arterial walls are fixed in fibrous connective tissue and cannot retract

Question 16

Name a clinical danger of emissary veins.

Answer 16

Potential route for spread of infection to intracranial venous sinuses

Question 17

Where does the occipital vein drain?

Answer 17

Suboccipital venous plexus

Question 18

Where does lymph from the anterior scalp drain?

Answer 18

Submandibular lymph nodes

Question 19

Where does lymph from the lateral scalp above the ear drain?

Answer 19

Superficial parotid (preauricular) nodes

Question 20

What forms the philtrum of the upper lip?

Answer 20

Medial nasal process

Question 21

Failure of which two processes causes unilateral cleft lip?

Answer 21

Maxillary process and medial nasal process

Question 22

What is the ‘danger triangle of the face’?

Answer 22

Area between the nose, eye, and upper lip with venous connections to cavernous sinus

Question 23

Which vein provides a direct route for facial infections to the cavernous sinus?

Answer 23

Facial vein via angular and superior ophthalmic veins

Question 24

Which facial muscle is pierced by the parotid duct?

Answer 24

Buccinator

Question 25

Main nerve supply to facial muscles?

Answer 25

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 26

What is the sensory nerve to the skin over the angle of the mandible?

Answer 26

Great auricular nerve (C2–C3)

Question 27

What muscles are involved in raising the upper lip?

Answer 27

Levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, zygomaticus minor

Question 28

What muscles dilate the nostrils?

Answer 28

Dilator naris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 29

Which muscle compresses cheeks and aids in blowing and suckling?

Answer 29

Buccinator

Question 30

What facial artery branch supplies the chin and lower lip?

Answer 30

Submental artery

Question 31

What is the terminal branch of the facial artery?

Answer 31

Angular artery

Question 32

Where can you palpate the facial artery?

Answer 32

At the inferior border of the mandible anterior to the masseter

Question 33

Where does the facial vein drain?

Answer 33

Into the internal jugular vein

Question 34

Name the five terminal branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland.

Answer 34

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

Question 35

What muscle creates forehead wrinkles during frowning?

Answer 35

Corrugator supercilii

Question 36

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to facial muscles?

Answer 36

Second pharyngeal arch

Question 37

Name the three meningeal layers from superficial to deep.

Answer 37

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 38

What is the function of the falx cerebri?

Answer 38

Separates cerebral hemispheres and stabilizes brain position

Question 39

Name the dural septum that separates cerebrum from cerebellum.

Answer 39

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 40

What dural fold covers the pituitary gland?

Answer 40

Diaphragma sellae

Question 41

Which muscle of facial expression contributes to dimples when it contracts?

Answer 41

Buccinator (decussating fibers)

Question 42

Why do scalp wounds often gape open?

Answer 42

Tension of the epicranial aponeurosis pulls wound edges apart

Question 43

Where does lymph from the posterior scalp drain?

Answer 43

Mastoid and occipital lymph nodes