Face and Scalp Flashcards
which muscles of facial expression originate here?
fascia of parotid gland?
thicker - extension of layer of deep fascia, covers masseter as well
label muscles of fascial expression
which muscle creates expression 1?
2?
1 = frontalis 2 = corrigator supercili
which muscle creates this expression?
platysma
which muscle is this?
which muscle creates this expression?
procerus
which muscle creates this expression?
which muscle creates expression
which muscle creates expression
which muscle creates expression
which muscle creates expression
which muscle creates expression
which muscle creates expression
which muscle creates expression
arises from fascia of the parotid gland
which muscle creates expression
happy, smiling :)
which muscle creates expression
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
which nerve?
facial nerve
label banches of facial nerve + what muscles they supply
Facial artery branches from?
Pathway?
what other artery supplies the face?
Facial artery is the third anterior branch of the external carotid artery
crosses anterior surface of mandible and forms branches that supply the face
The transverse facial branch of the superficial temporal artery also supplies the face
which vein drains face?
drains into?
communicates with?
facial vein
joins anterior part of RMV and drains into IJV
communicates with pterygoid venous plexus that lies inside infratemporal fossa
layers of scalp?
blood supply to scalp?
The supratrochlear + supraorbital arteries are derived from branches of the internal carotid artery –> supply anterior part of scalp
The rest of the scalp is supplied by posterior branches of the external carotid artery and the superficial temporal artery (which is a terminal branch of the external carotid)
emissary veins?
veins of scalp (named after arteries) can communicate with the sagittal dural venous sinus inside the skull via emissary veins - communication between superficial veins of scalp + dural venous sinuses (infection to meninges)
nerve supply to scalp
label branches of trigeminal nerve
The supraorbital nerve exits the skull at the supraorbital notch/foramen to reach the forehead.
The infraorbital nerve leaves the skull via the infraorbital foramen to reach the lateral sides of the nose and the upper lip.
The inferior alveolar nerve ends as it passes through the mental foramen to form the mental nerve that passes onto the skin of the mandible.
label cutaneous supply of head
The C2 dermatome covers the posterior part of the head and then C3 dermatome covers much of the neck.
lymphatic drainage of face and scalp?
Face and scalp = to occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular and submental nodes.
Lymph then passes to deep cervical nodes which lie close to the internal jugular vein.
Photograph A shows the lateral side of the face,. The muscles of facial expression cannot be seen as they lie under the fat and fascia that is still covering the face. Platysma has been removed as part of the triangles of the neck dissection.
Photograph B shows a more advanced dissection of the face, the parotid duct can be seen crossing the anterior surface of masseter, with the buccal branch of the facial nerve. The facial artery and vein can be seen crossing the anterior surface of the mandible. The facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the tissues of the face. The facial vein joins with the anterior part of the retromandibular vein and then drains into the internal jugular vein.
The facial vein can also be observed in photograph C as it passes along the lateral border of the nose. Three of the muscles of facial expression are shown in this photograph. Note that they are thin and pale – a standard appearance in a Thiel embalmed cadaver. The muscles are very delicate and will stick to the skin of the face (they insert into the skin and connective tissues of the face).
Photograph A shows the soft tissue above the orbit that forms part of the forehead (shown by the white circle).
Photograph B is a closer image of this area and shows frontalis muscle – this is a muscle of facial expression but is also part of the occipitofrontalis muscle that forms the aponeurosis layer of the scalp.
Photograph C shows part of orbicularis oculi that acts as a sphincter around the eye. The facial nerve is not shown in these photographs (it is shown during the dissection of the parotid gland presentation) but all of the muscles of facial expression are supplied by branches of the facial nerve.
Photograph A shows the surface of the cheek (white circle) with several small structures crossing this area.
Photograph B is a closer view of this area. Zygomaticus major and minor muscles of facial expression are shown. Zygomaticus major is normally removed during the infratemporal fossa dissection as it arises from the zygomatic bone.
Photograph A highlights the area that forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity (white circle). Photograph B provides a closer view of buccinator muscle, this muscle is pierced by the parotid duct so that saliva can enter the oral cavity. The small fibres of orbicularis oris that surround the opening of the mouth are also shown.
Photograph C illustrates the delicate nature of the facial muscles. The tiny white bands that can be seen are part of depressor anguli oris but are almost colourless in this dissection.
Photograph A shows masseter muscle on the anterior surface of the mandible. The white circle shows the more medial part of the body of the mandible.
Photograph B shows a closer view of this area – the facial artery and vein cross the anterior surface of the mandible. The nerve is the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve. The facial artery can be gently compressed against the mandible close to the anterior border of masseter, and a pulse can be felt (palpated) here
The scalp forms five layers from the outer surface to the inner surface – the skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue and the periosteum. Photograph B shows the first three layers and photograph C shows layers three to five. Photograph C also shows many small blood vessels (in the bottom right corner of the image). The face and scalp are very vascular structures and so bleed profusely when damaged.
