Face Flashcards
What does central cyanosis imply?
SpO2 <90% (arterial oxygen sat)
Usually indicates underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease.
If polycythaemic, may ocur with normal SpO2.
When would you notice jaundice in a patient?
Most clinicians can identify jaundice once blood bilirubin levels reach >2x upper limit of normal (or 40umol/L)
What can you see here?
“Bronzed diabetes”- haemochromatosis. Look for associated hepatic, pancreatic, endocrine, cardiac and joint dysfunction (DM, hepatosplenomegaly, testicular atrophy, loss of body hair, cirrhosis).
What condition can you see this patient has?
Trisomy 21
What are these? What are they associated with?
Brushfield’s spots- grey-white areas of depigmentation in the eyes. Down’s Syndrome
What condition does this patient have? What features can you see that enable you to diagnose it?
Turner’s syndrome- 45XO. Webbing of neck, small chin, low hairline, increased carrying angle at elbows, widely spaced nipples
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Blue sclera- osteogenesis imperfecta
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
“beaking” of the nose and taut skin around the mouth- systemic sclerosis
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Telangiectasia of mouth and tongue- hereditary heamorrhagic telangiectasia
What condition does this patient have? What features enable you to diagnose this?
Dystrophia myotonica- frontal balding, bilateral ptosis (also recent pacemaker in situ)
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Mitral facies- mitral stenosis
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Hypothyroidism- puffy face and eyes
Image shows before and after thyroxine
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Moon face- Cushing’s (amongst other causes)
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Hyperpigmentation of normal skin with associated vitiligo- Addison’s disease
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Hyperpigmentation in the mouth- Addison’s disease
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Butterfly rash (nasolabial sparing)- SLE, dermatomyositis, pellagra
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Xanthelasma- hypercholesterolaemia (though can occur in normal lipidaemic patients). If found also check patella and achilles tendon for xanthomata
NB: predict risk of MI, CHD and death in the general population independent of other CV risk factors (plasma cholesterol and TG)
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Corneal arcus- old age and disturbed lipid metabolism
What do you see here? What is it associated with?
Anaemia
