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AQA GCSE Textiles > Fabrics > Flashcards

Fabrics Flashcards

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1
Q

How are most fabrics made?

A

Weaving or knitting yarns

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2
Q

How are non-woven fabrics made?

A

Bonding or felting fibres together

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3
Q

What is the weft?

A

The yarn going across the width of the fabric

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4
Q

What is the warp?

A

The yarn going down the length of the loom

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5
Q

What is the selvedge?

A

The side of the fabric where the welts are double backed to form a non fraying edge

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of woven fabric?

A

Plain weave
Twill weave
Satin weave

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7
Q

How is plain weave fabric woven?

A

The warp and weft ar aligned so they form a simple crisscross pattern

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8
Q

How is twill weave fabric woven?

A

The crossings of the weft and warp are offset to give a diagonal pattern on the fabric surface

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9
Q

How is satin weave fabric woven?

A

There is a complex arrangement of weft and warp threads, which allowed longer float threads either across the warp or the weft

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10
Q

What are the properties and uses of plain weave fabric?

A

Strong
Hard wearing

Fashion and furnishing

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11
Q

What are the properties and uses of twill weave fabric?

A

Strong
Drapes well

Jeans, jackets and curtains

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12
Q

What effect does the long floats on a satin weave have?

A

The light falling in the yarn doesn’t scatter and break up creating a smooth and lustrous surface

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13
Q

What are the two satin weave variations?

A

Jacquard and damask

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14
Q

What are the two types of knitted fabrics?

A

Weft knitted and warp knitted

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15
Q

How is weft knitted fabric made?

A

Looping together long lengths of yarn. Yarn runs in rows across the fabric. If the stitch is dropped it will ladder down the length of fabric

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16
Q

How is warp knitted fabric made?

A

The loops interlock vertically along the length of fabric

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17
Q

Which knitted fabric can be done by hand?

A

Weft knitted fabric

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18
Q

What are the properties and uses of weft knitted fabrics

A

Stretchy
Comfortable

Socks, t-shirts and jumpers

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19
Q

What are the properties and uses of plain warp knitted fabric?

A

Slightly stretchy
Doesn’t ladder

Swimwear, underwear and geotextiles

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20
Q

How are bonded fibre fabrics made?

A

Webs of synthetic fibres are bonded together with heat adhesives

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21
Q

What are the pros of using bonded fibre fabrics?

A 
Cheap to produce
Easy to sew
Crease resistant 
So not fray
Washable and dry cleanable
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22
Q

What are the cons of bonded fibre fabrics

A

Not as strong as woven or knitted fabrics

Mainly used for interlining

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23
Q

How is wool felt made?

A

Animal hair or wool fibres are matted together using moisture heat and pressure

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24
Q

What are the pros of felted fabric?

A

Warm

Doesn’t fray

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25
Q

What are the cons of felted fabrics?

A

No strength
No drape
No elasticity
Wool felt is expensive

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26
Q

What is felted fabric used for?

A

Hats slippers and handcraft

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27
Q

What are modern and smart fabrics designed to do?

A 
Maximise certain characteristics;
Lightness
Breathability
Waterproofing
Etc

React to heat or light

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28
Q

How are modern/smart fabrics usual made?

A

Using microfibres

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29
Q

What are the properties of woven polyester/microfibres?

A 
Woven polyester makes it;
Lightweight 
Soft
Good drape
Breathable
Shower proof
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30
Q

What are the uses of microfibres/woven polyester?

A

Raincoats
Active sportswear
Fashion clothing

31
Q

What are the properties of polar fleece?

A

Lightweight
Soft
Breathable
Warm

32
Q

What is polar fleece?

A

Brushed polyester in a warp knit

33
Q

What are the uses of polar fleece?

A

Fleece;
Jumpers
Jackets
Blankets

34
Q

What is gore-tex?

A

Laminated membrane

35
Q

What are the properties of gore tex?

A

Breathable
Lightweight
Waterproof

36
Q

What are the uses of gore tex

A

All weather jackets and shoes

37
Q

What is micro-encapsulated fabric?

A

Different micro capsules are embedded into a fibre or fabric

38
Q

What Properties can micro-encapsulated fabric have?

A

Aromatic scent
Reduces body odour
Provide vitamins
Reduce skin irritation

39
Q

What is micro-encapsulated fabric used for?

A

Underwear
Anti bacterial socks
Medical textiles

40
Q

What is thermochromic material?

A

Heat sensitive fabric

41
Q

What properties can thermochromic material have?

A

Change colour in response to heat

Only lasts 5-10 washes

42
Q

What uses does thermochromic material have?

A

Children’s clothes
Sporting clothing
Firefighters clothing
Wound dressings

43
Q

what are photochromic dyes?

A

Light sensitive dyes

44
Q

What are the properties of photochromic dyes?

A

Change colour in response to sunlight

45
Q

What are the uses of photochromic dyes?

A

Tshirts

Military clothing

46
Q

What are combination fabrics?

A

Layered and combined fabrics

47
Q

Why use combination fabrics?

A

They have improved handle performance and appearance

48
Q

What do interfacing fabrics such as vilene do?

A

Stitched or laminated into other fabrics

49
Q

What are benefits of using interfacing fabric?

A

reinforces, stiffens and gives strength to collars and cuffs to prevent the fabric from stretching or sagging

50
Q

What is quilted fabric?

A

Fabric with two or more layers sewn together

51
Q

What are the benefits of quilted fabrics?

A

Attractive appearance

Added warmth

52
Q

What are the benefits of kevlar?

A

High strength
Lightweight
Flexible

53
Q

What are the uses of Kevlar?

A

Bicycle tyres
Racing sails
Police bulletproof vests

54
Q

What is thinsulate fabric?

A

High insulating but thin fabric

Contains fine microfibres to capture more air in less space

55
Q

What are the benefits of thinsulate?

A 
Insulated
Machine and dry washable
Breathable 
Moisture resistant 
L
56
Q

What is the main use of thinsulate?

A

As a primary layer for scuba divers diving in cold waters

Worn under a dry suit

57
Q

What is memory foam?

A

Mounds to users shape but can return to original state

58
Q

Why was memory foam initially created?

A

For NASA astronauts

59
Q

What is memory foam used for?

A

Mattresses
seats
Space suits

60
Q

What is smart shape memory alloy?

A

Returns to original shape when heated

61
Q

How are smart memory shirts made?

A

Smart memory fibres are woven with nylon

62
Q

What is special about smart memory shirts?

A

Don’t need ironing

63
Q

What is fast skin?

A

Simulated texture of sharks skin

64
Q

What is fastskin used for? What are its properties?

A

Reduces water drag with textures

Good for swimming suits

65
Q

What questions should you ask when choosing a fabric?

A 
Natural or synthetic fibre?
Woven, knitted or non woven fabric?
Dying, printing, mechanical finishing or chemical finishing?
What is the end use?
What are the aftercare requirements?
66
Q

What 3 factors will determine the fabrics aesthetic, functional and comfort properties?

A

Fibre content
Fabric construction
Finishing processes

67
Q

What are aesthetic properties?

A

Handle
Drape
Colour
Appearance

68
Q

What are functional properties?

A 
Strength
Durability
crease resistance
Flame resistance
Stain resistance
Water resistance
After care
Cost
69
Q

What are comfort properties?

A 
absorbency
Breathability
Elasticity
Softness
Stretch
Warmth
70
Q

What properties do cycling jackets need?

A 
Warm
Breathable
Elastic
Wind proof
Water resistant
71
Q

What properties do children’s jumpers need?

A 
Soft
Colourful
Stretchy
Warm
Easy care
72
Q

What properties do seatbelts need?

A

Strong
Durable
Flame resistant

73
Q

What properties do fire protective clothing need?

A 
Strong
Durable
Flame resistant
Water resistant
Breathable
Elastic
74
Q

What properties do geotextiles need

A

Strong

Durable

AQA GCSE Textiles (2 decks)

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