Fabrics Flashcards
There are three types of textile fibers, which differ according to their origin
become:
1: Natural
2: Artificial
3: Synthetic
Natural Fibers can be harvested from …. ?
Plants, animals, and minerals
The shiny nature of silk can be related to
its ability to refract light (Bryta ljus)
define natural fiber
a fiber produced naturally and harvested from animal, plant, or mineral sources
define synthetic fiber
a fiber made from a man-made substance such as plastic
define yarn
fibers that have been spun together
what are the six types of natural fibers?
plant fiber, animal fiber, fruit, seed, stem, leaf
How are fibers turned into textiles?
By weaving or knitting yarns together
Why don’t natural fibers have a trade name?
Because they’re not manufactured.
How is cotton different in comparison from wool?
Cotton is a plant fiber and wool are animal fibers
How does silk differ from all other natural fibers?
Silk is a filament fiber. (trådfiber)
How do the care needs of cotton compare to those of silk?
Cotton can be laundered but silk needs to be taken to the drycleaner. Cotton can also be ironed at a high temp while silk at a low.
What is a Bast fiber?
A plant fiber collected from the “inner bark”, or bast surrounding the stem of certain plants.
What is Flax?
The plant which contains the fibers used to make Linen. (lin växt)
How are fibers turned into textiles?
They’re grouped & twisted into yarns, which are woven or knitted into textiles.
Why don’t natural fibers have a trade name?
Trade names are given only to manufactured fibers, as the maker’s trademarks for its product.
Why is abrasion resistance an important quality in a fiber?
It helps fabric resist wear due to rubbing against another surface; helps garment look attractive longer.
How is cotton different in composition from wool?
Cotton is made from cellulose, a fibrous substance in plants. Wool is made from the fleece of sheep and is made up of protein.
How does silk differ from all natural fibers?
It’s a filament fiber much longer than other natural fibers which are staple fibers.
How do the care needs of cotton compare to those of silk?
Cotton is easily laundered and can be washed and ironed at high temperatures. Silk is usually dry cleaned or hand washed and is ironed at low temperatures.
What useful qualities does cotton supply to a garment?
Strength; absorbency, comfort, doesn’t cling or pill, washes at high temperatures with strong detergents, dyes easily.
What are some advantages of using flax in textiles?
it’s strong, absorbent, lint-free, dries quickly; can be washed, bleached, ironed at high temperatures; varies from soft and lightweight to thick and heavy
What are silk’s positive and negative qualities?
Positive: its strong, comfortable, elastic, absorbent; resists wrinkling easily ; dyes well. Negatives can be weakened or discolored by strong soaps, bleaches perspiration, deodorants and high ironing temperatures may yellow with age; may water spot
What happens during the spinning stage of fiber manufacturing?
the liquid solution is hardened into filaments through contact with chemicals or warm or cool air
What is a second or third generation fiber?
a newer improved variant of an already existing manufactured fiber
What positive qualities does rayon add to fabrics?
Absorbency, comfort; luster; drapes easily, dyes well, takes bright design
What is an synthetic fiber?
Fibers made by humans through chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that are directly derived from living organisms.
What type of textile fiber is Rayon?
Synthetic fiber; However, it’s made out of a plant-based wood pulp and the fibers are regenerated cellulose.
What is cashmere clothes made of and what qualities does it have?
Cashmere clothes are made of cashmere wool and is retained from cashmere goats. Cashmere is finer, stronger, lighter and softer than sheep wool. It is also approximately three times more insulating.
Name 3 positive traits & 3 negative traits of nylon.
+: strong, lightweight, lustrous, resilient, blends well; washes easily; dries quickly; needs little pressing
-: uncomfortably warm or cool; collects static electricity; may yellow or gray; may hold oil stains; heat sensitive
Why is spandex a good choice for athletic wear?
It stretches and recovers well; resists sunlight, perspiration, oil, and abrasion.
What is a Jute fiber?
A plant fibre with high strenght and durability
Name 6 types of Synthetic fibers
Acrylic, Kevlar, Nylon, Polyester, Spandex and Rayon
What type of feel/texture does textiles made of Rayon imitate?
Texture of silk, cotton, wool or linen.
What are the the seven (7) plant-based textiles that are usually used in clothing?
Cotton, flax, jute, hemp, bamboo, ramie and rayon. (Bonus; Is Rayon really an plant-based textile?)
What four (4) things are commonly animal textiles made from?
Hair, fur, skin or silk (in the case of silkworms)
Define wool
The hair of sheep or goat
Define silk
Silk is an animal textile made from fibers of the cocoon of the Chinese silkworm which is spun into a smooth fabric prized for it’s softness.
