Fabric Based Questions Flashcards
1
Q
What is micro-encapsulation?
A
- Process of engineering microscopic capsules containing some form of beneficial chemicals/vitamins to attach in/around fabrics.
2
Q
How is micro-encapsulation used/activated?
What fabrics?
A
- Rubbing activates capsules
- Odour socks, medical healing, perfumed lingerie
3
Q
What are boucle yarns?
A
- Compound yarn from by folding process
- Results in wavy + looped textured surface
4
Q
What are slub yarns?
A
- Constructed from single or folded yarns
- Long, thick areas of staple fibres forming the slubs at regular/irregular intervals
- Similar texture/appearance to linen or wild silk
5
Q
What are chenille yarns?
A
- Cut pile yarn
- Woven then cut length ways into strips, giving the yarn
6
Q
What finishing processes give texture to a fabric?
A
- Embossing
- Brushing
- Laser etching
- Pleating
- Shrinkage in controlled sections
- Felting
- Singeing
- Quilting
- Pleating
- Smocking
- Applique
7
Q
Two luxury hair fibres + properties?
A
Cashmere
- Most expensive, soft, lightweight, warmer than wool
Mohair
- Long fibres, absorbent, silky lustre, takes due well, does not felt easily
8
Q
What makes natural animal fibres so luxurious?
A
Source, rarity, delicate
9
Q
How to make woollen products more user friendly?
A
- Improved washability, Woolmark developed ‘easycare’
- Improved moth degradation
- Launch of ‘sportwool’, performance abilities
- Wool/polyester blends, machine washability, with style/versatility of 100% wool
- Merino Fresh, shower fabric to refresh it, better for environment
- Block UV rays, Australia, polymer coating
10
Q
Smart/Modern fabrics
A
Goretex Coolmax Stomatex Thinsulate Polactec fleece
11
Q
Comfort in relation to clothing
Fibres, yarns, fabrics
A
- Temperature control, insulate, trap air, thermal insulator, warm/cool depending on environment, so could be good or poor insulator
- Yarns, smooth filament, hairy staple, bulked by heat setting to increase ability to trap air, warmer
- Fabrics, depending on construction/finish can hold more or less air, plain weave - smooth, knitted - open space for air, calendared - smooth finish
- Layers, enhance warmth, lined garments, underlining, quilted, wadding
- Windproof, moving air, body cools more quickly, closely woven, gives high resistance to air penetration, knitted/loosely woven not windproof
- Elastomeric fibres, give free movement, less stiff - denim jeans
- Humidity, moisture needs to be wicked from skin in hot conditions, fabrics can be absorbent/wick moisture, Large air spaces, moisture can evaporate, but very absorbent can be uncomfortable in wet/cold conditions
12
Q
Modern/smart fabrics/fibres to increase comfort of clothing
A
- Microfibres, soft, lightweight, fluid e.g. Tactel
- Goretex, breathable, windproof membrane systems
- Elastane fibres, ease of movement
- Coolmax, wicks moisture away from body
- Stomatex, maintains a personal microclimate
- Anti static, insect repellent finishes
- Thinsulate/polar fleece, increased insulation
- Micro-encapsulated fibres, moisturising, massaging properties
13
Q
Fabric processes before dyeing
A
- Called grey cloth when straight from knitting machine/loom
- Has natural impurities, picks up from processing
- Removed for even application of colour
- Desizing, washing with enzymes, remove starch added to strengthen in knitting
- Scouring, removes waxy/fatty impurities, washing boiled, in solutions for delicate fabrics
- Bleaching, even white finish, before dye is added
- Stentering, used to pull woven fabrics back to the correct width
- Singeing, remove fine hairs from surface of fabric
14
Q
Methods of fabric printing
A
- Digital printing, ink jet printer directly onto fabric, fats economical, pattern quickly changed, many colours
- Screen printing flat, mesh screen prepared for each colour in pattern, fabric fed onto table by conveyor belt, screens lowered, sqeegee moves across spreading colour through mesh onto fabric
- drying chambers, steaming, acid baths, scouring unit to fix dye and remove gum used in printing
15
Q
What is colour fastness?
A
- Strength with which the dye is held in the fibre
- Must be considered in relation to particular end use
- Washing, clothing/household used regularly
- Light, curtains, upholstery exposed all day to sunlight
- Perspiration, fashion products, acidic/alkaline affect of sweat can react with dyes causing discolouration
- Bleaching, swimwear fabrics, resist chlorine
- Dry cleaning, regular basis? needs to be fats to dry cleaning materials
- Rubbing, Friction removes dye, seating, some clothing
