FA5 Flashcards
How can hydraulic action effect formations of landscapes?
Faults and fissures are able to be seen in the face of the cliff. This process forces air into openings and weaknesses in the rocks causing them to become dislodged and removed.
How can attrition effect the formation of landscapes
Small smoothed rocks in the bottom of the photo and at the base of the cliff. These rocks have been smoothed out by abrasion but are most likely contributing to the process of attrition. This. Is when small rocks collide with the cliff face carried by the power of waves
How does abrasion effect the formation of landscapes
If the cliffs are shiny and smooth this must. Be because of abrasion. This is often called the sandpapering effect where rocks are smoothed out by other rocks when they are forced against each other due to other waves.
What does biological weathering look like?
Small roots and plants emerging from the cliff face. “Barnacles and limpets drill into the rock face and leave little holes when they die”
What does chemical weathering look like?
Lots of Small oval holes in the face of cliffs
What does mechanical weathering look like?
Cracks in the cliff face, large ones which split the rocks in half and smaller ones running through the rock.
What is corrosion (solution)?
Carbonate rocks (limestones) are vulnerable to solution by rainwater, spray from the sea and seawater. Mainly effects limestone which is vulnerable to solution by weak acids.
What is hydraulic action?
Air trapped in cracks and fissures is compressed by the force of waves crashing against the cliff face. Pressures forces cracks open, meaning more air is trapped and greater force experienced in the next cycle of compression. Heavily jointed/fissured sedimentary rocks are vulnerable. In very hard igneous rocks (basalt, granite) hydraulic action in cooling cracks may be the only erosive process operating.
What to talk about when you have get asked a question about marine processes
Hydraulic action
Attrition and abrasion
Corrasion
Solution
Cave>arch>stack>stump
Sedimentary cliffs mostly
What to talk about when get asked a question about subaerial processes
Biological weathering animals and plants
Chemical weathering
Mechanical weathering
Cave>arch>stack>stump
Mass movement
All cliff types
How is cliff retreat caused due to wave cut platforms?
Above wave-cut notch, an overhang of unsupported rock is formed. As this overhang is undercut, mass movement of the unsupported rock occurs and the cliff retreats. As the cliff retreats it leaves behind a flat or slightly sloping area of rock between the high and low tide levels.
What is The pressure and release model?
The basis has 2 points:
Process generating vulnerability on one side
The natural hazard on the other
Risk=hazardx vulnerability
What is land use zoning?
Involves local government planners regulating how land is used. It is effective in protecting people and property in areas in risk from tectonic hazards.
In areas of high risk from eruptions or tsunamis, settlements and facilities such as nuclear power stations may be banned.
What is the degg model?
Hazard vs Vulnerability in a diagram disaster in the middle. LICS will have high vulnerability and lower hazards.
What is the Swiss cheese model
Each slice of cheese is representing a defense structure mechanism or plan. Th wholes represent failures and shortcomings of those defenses
What is the park model
A graph that shows what quality of life the country was on before, what it’s like during and after the event. And shows how it recovers.
Differences between adaptation and mitigation
adaptation can be understood as the process of adjusting to the current and future effects of climate change. Mitigation means preventing or reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere to make the impacts of climate change less severe.
What is globalisation?
Connections deepening, lengthening, and getting faster due to developments in technology. The process by which people, culture, finance, goods and information transfer between countries.
What causes globalisation?
Containerisation is a process of shipping goods by standardised, intermodal containers from producers.
Technology for both communication and for transport have increased in the last 50 years.
The shrinking wolf theory shows how our heightened connectivity has reduced barriers to trade, travel and communication to make the world feel smaller.
A container ship can carry around 20,000 containers
Who are the winners and losers of globalisation?
The global shift has created losers in western industrial cities such as Detroit, USA
Coca Cola and other TNCS. Have had both positive and negative impacts on communities in middle income.
Whta is the global shift?
The global economy being pulled towards Asia since the 2000.
The 2000 to 2025 shift is the fastest in history.
Industrial Revolution (1829-1913)
The rise of the USA (1913-1960)
What are the positives of the global shift?
Waged work, factories and offices offer formal and better pay
Education and training: money from selling goods or other services enables governments of emerging economies to invest in schools.
Poverty reduction : the number of people earning less than the UN minimum target
What are the negatives of the global shit?
Loss of productive farmland: urban areas have grown rapidly outwards
Shanty towns: much of the outward growth of cities is unplanned informal housing built by poor people who have squatted on the land to build their own shelters.
Who are globalisation winners?
Switched on
Receives FDi
Has a role in the WTO
Rapid urban growth
Actively westernised
