FA RR associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carci noma
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing’s ulcer (↑ ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing o f gastric mucosa)
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Skip lesions (Crohn’s d isease)
Aneurysm , dissecting
Hypertension
Aortic aneurysm , abdominal and descending aorta
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
Aortic aneurysm , ascend ing
Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (th i a m i ne deficiency causi ng ataxia, ophthal moplegia, and confusion)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and sh rinkage)
S ickle cell anem ia ( hemoglobin S )
Bacteria assoc iated with gastritis, peptic ulcer d isease, and stomach cancer
H. pylori
Bacterial men i ngitis (adults and elderly)
Streptococcus pnewnoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
Ben ign melanocytic nevus
Spitz nevus (most common in fi rst two decades)
Bleeding d isorder with Gplb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier synd rome (defect i n platelet adhesion to von Willebrand ‘s factor)
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial : metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Brain tumor (kids)
Infra tentorial : medulloblastoma (cerebel lum) or supratentorial : cran iopharyngioma (cerebrum)
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S. , 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
Breast mass
F ibrocystic change, carci noma ( in postmenopausal women)
Breast tumor (ben ign)
F ibroadenoma
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocard itis (nonbacterial , affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, 1 ° myxoma (4 : 1 left to right atrium ; “ ball and valve”)
Cerebellar tonsil lar hern iation
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
Chron ic arrhyth m ia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with h igh risk of emboli)
Chronic atroph ic gastritis (autoimmune)
Pred isposition to gastric carci noma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagi na
DES exposure in utero
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman ; type II: elderly man or woman)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congen ital card iac anomaly
VSD
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubi n-Joh nson syndrome ( i nabi l ity of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bili rubin into bile)
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
Coronary artery i nvolved i n thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
Creti nism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroid ism
Cushing’s syndrome
• Iatrogenic Cushi ng’s (from corticosteroid therapy) • Adrenocortical adenom a (secretes excess cortisol ) • ACTH-secreting pitu itary adenoma • Paraneopl astic Cush i n g’s (clue to ACT H secretion by tumors)
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetral ogy of Fal lot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Cyanosis ( late ; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
Death i n C M L
Blast crisis
Death in S L E
Lupus nephropathy
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease, multiple i n fa rcts
Demyel inating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric compl ications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
Dietary deficit
Iron
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker’s d iverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Ejection click
Aortic/pul monic stenosis
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cel l carcinoma (worldwide ) ; adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
Food poisoning (exotoxi n mediated)
S. aureus, B . cereus
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Heart murmur , congen ital
Mitral valve prolapse
Heart valve i n bacterial endocard itis
M itral > aortic (rheumatic fever) , tricuspid (IV dru g abuse)
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicula ris, Ascaris lumbricoides
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal a rtery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
Hematoma- subdural
Rupture of bridging vei n s (crescent shaped)
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “ bronze diabetes,” and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
C irrhotic l iver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcohol ism)
Hereditary bleed ing d isorder
von Willebrand ‘s disease
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondyl itis, Reiter’s syndrome, ulcerative col itis, psoriasis
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, m itral regurgitation
Hypercoagulabil ity, endothel ial damage, blood stasis
Virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis)
Hypertension, 2°
Renal d i sease
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
Infection 2° to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
Infections in chron ic granulomatous d i sease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
Kidney stones
•Calcium = rad iopaque •Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) •Uric acid = rad iolucent
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
E isenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA ; results in pulmonary hypertension /polycythemia)
Liver disease
Alcohol ic cirrhosis
Lysosomal storage d i sease
Gaucher’s d isease
Male cancer
Prostatic carc i noma
Malignancy associated with non i n fectious fever
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Mal ignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebell u m )
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
Metastases to bra i n
Lung > breast > gen itourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma> GI
Metastases t o l iver
Colon»_space; stomach , pancreas
Mitochondrial inheritance
D isease occurs i n both males and females, i n herited th rough females only
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart d i sease
Mixed ( UMN and LMN) motor neuron d isease
ALS
Myocard itis
Coxsackie B
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
Neuron migration fa ilur e
Kallmann syndrome ( hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
Nosocom ial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Ps eudomonas aeruginosa
Obstruction of male u ri nary tract
BPH
Open ing snap
Mitral stenosis
Opportunistic i n fection i n AIDS
Pnewnocystis jirovec ii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
Osteomyel itis i n sickle cell disease
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carc i noma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral )
Serous cystadenoma
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis ( k ids)
Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
ALL : child, CLL : adult > 60 , AML : adult - 65 , CML: adult 30-60
Pelvic inflammatory d isease
Ch lamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ph iladelph i a chromosome t(9 ; 2 2 ) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
Pituitary tumor
Prol actinoma, somatotrop ic “acidoph ilic” adenoma
Primary amenorrhea
Tur ner syndrome (45,XO )
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
Primary l iver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrh osis, hemochromatosis, α1 antitrypsin deficiency)
Pul monary hypertension
COPD
Recurrent inflam mation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels i n extrem ities
Buerger’s d i sease (strongly associated w ith tobacco)
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinom a : associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH , ACTH )
Right heart fa ilur e due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
S3 (protodiastol ic gallop)
↑ ventricular filling ( left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF] )
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcem ia of chron ic kidney d isease
Sexually transmit ted d isease
Chlamyd ia (usually coinfectecl with gonorrhea)
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
Site of d iverticula
S igmoid colon
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popli teal artery > carotid artery.
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Stomach ulcerations and h igh gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
t ( 14; 18 )
Fol l icular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
t ( 8; 14)
Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)
t(9 ; 2 2 )
Philadelph i a chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
Thyroid cancer
Papil lary carcinoma
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by chi ldhood)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Tu mor of the adrenal medulla ( k ids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Type of Hodgkin’s
Nodular sclerosis (vs. m ixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
Type of non-Hodgkin’s
Diffuse large cell
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
H S V- l
Vitamin deficiency ( U . S . )
Folate (pregnant women a re a t h igh risk; body stores only 3 - to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
