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FA RR associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carci noma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (↑ ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing o f gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s d isease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm , dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm , abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm , ascend ing

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (th i a m i ne deficiency causi ng ataxia, ophthal moplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and sh rinkage)

A

S ickle cell anem ia ( hemoglobin S )

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11
Q

Bacteria assoc iated with gastritis, peptic ulcer d isease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial men i ngitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pnewnoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Ben ign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in fi rst two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding d isorder with Gplb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier synd rome (defect i n platelet adhesion to von Willebrand ‘s factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial : metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infra tentorial : medulloblastoma (cerebel lum) or supratentorial : cran iopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S. , 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

F ibrocystic change, carci noma ( in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (ben ign)

A

F ibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocard itis (nonbacterial , affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, 1 ° myxoma (4 : 1 left to right atrium ; “ ball and valve”)

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsil lar hern iation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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25
Q

Chron ic arrhyth m ia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with h igh risk of emboli)

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26
Q

Chronic atroph ic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Pred isposition to gastric carci noma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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27
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagi na

A

DES exposure in utero

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28
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman ; type II: elderly man or woman)

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29
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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30
Q

Congen ital card iac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubi n-Joh nson syndrome ( i nabi l ity of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bili rubin into bile)

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32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)

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33
Q

Coronary artery i nvolved i n thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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34
Q

Creti nism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroid ism

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35
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

• Iatrogenic Cushi ng’s (from corticosteroid therapy) • Adrenocortical adenom a (secretes excess cortisol ) • ACTH-secreting pitu itary adenoma • Paraneopl astic Cush i n g’s (clue to ACT H secretion by tumors)

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36
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetral ogy of Fal lot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

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37
Q

Cyanosis ( late ; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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38
Q

Death i n C M L

A

Blast crisis

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39
Q

Death in S L E

A

Lupus nephropathy

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40
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple i n fa rcts

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41
Q

Demyel inating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

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42
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric compl ications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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43
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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44
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker’s d iverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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45
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pul monic stenosis

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46
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cel l carcinoma (worldwide ) ; adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

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47
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxi n mediated)

A

S. aureus, B . cereus

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48
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

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49
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

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50
Q

Heart murmur , congen ital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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51
Q

Heart valve i n bacterial endocard itis

A

M itral > aortic (rheumatic fever) , tricuspid (IV dru g abuse)

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52
Q

Helminth infection (U.S.)

A

Enterobius vermicula ris, Ascaris lumbricoides

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53
Q

Hematoma - epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal a rtery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

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54
Q

Hematoma- subdural

A

Rupture of bridging vei n s (crescent shaped)

55
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “ bronze diabetes,” and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

56
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

C irrhotic l iver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcohol ism)

57
Q

Hereditary bleed ing d isorder

A

von Willebrand ‘s disease

58
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

59
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondyl itis, Reiter’s syndrome, ulcerative col itis, psoriasis

60
Q

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

61
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, m itral regurgitation

62
Q

Hypercoagulabil ity, endothel ial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis)

63
Q

Hypertension, 2°

A

Renal d i sease

64
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

65
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

66
Q

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

67
Q

Infections in chron ic granulomatous d i sease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

68
Q

Kidney stones

A

•Calcium = rad iopaque •Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) •Uric acid = rad iolucent

69
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

E isenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA ; results in pulmonary hypertension /polycythemia)

70
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcohol ic cirrhosis

71
Q

Lysosomal storage d i sease

A

Gaucher’s d isease

72
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carc i noma

73
Q

Malignancy associated with non i n fectious fever

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

74
Q

Mal ignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebell u m )

75
Q

Mental retardation

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

76
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes

77
Q

Metastases to bra i n

A

Lung > breast > gen itourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma> GI

78
Q

Metastases t o l iver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach , pancreas

79
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

D isease occurs i n both males and females, i n herited th rough females only

80
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart d i sease

81
Q

Mixed ( UMN and LMN) motor neuron d isease

A

ALS

82
Q

Myocard itis

A

Coxsackie B

83
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

84
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

85
Q

Neuron migration fa ilur e

A

Kallmann syndrome ( hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

86
Q

Nosocom ial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, Ps eudomonas aeruginosa

87
Q

Obstruction of male u ri nary tract

A

BPH

88
Q

Open ing snap

A

Mitral stenosis

89
Q

Opportunistic i n fection i n AIDS

A

Pnewnocystis jirovec ii (formerly carinii) pneumonia

90
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

91
Q

Osteomyel itis i n sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

92
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

93
Q

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carc i noma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

94
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral )

A

Serous cystadenoma

95
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

96
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

97
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis ( k ids)

98
Q

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

A

ALL : child, CLL : adult > 60 , AML : adult - 65 , CML: adult 30-60

99
Q

Pelvic inflammatory d isease

A

Ch lamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

100
Q

Ph iladelph i a chromosome t(9 ; 2 2 ) (bcr-abl)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

101
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prol actinoma, somatotrop ic “acidoph ilic” adenoma

102
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Tur ner syndrome (45,XO )

103
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

104
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

105
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

106
Q

Primary l iver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrh osis, hemochromatosis, α1 antitrypsin deficiency)

107
Q

Pul monary hypertension

A

COPD

108
Q

Recurrent inflam mation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels i n extrem ities

A

Buerger’s d i sease (strongly associated w ith tobacco)

109
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinom a : associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH , ACTH )

110
Q

Right heart fa ilur e due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

111
Q

S3 (protodiastol ic gallop)

A

↑ ventricular filling ( left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF] )

112
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

113
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcem ia of chron ic kidney d isease

114
Q

Sexually transmit ted d isease

A

Chlamyd ia (usually coinfectecl with gonorrhea)

115
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

116
Q

Site of d iverticula

A

S igmoid colon

117
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popli teal artery > carotid artery.

118
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

119
Q

Stomach ulcerations and h igh gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

120
Q

t ( 14; 18 )

A

Fol l icular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

121
Q

t ( 8; 14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)

122
Q

t(9 ; 2 2 )

A

Philadelph i a chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

123
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

124
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma

125
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papil lary carcinoma

126
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

127
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by chi ldhood)

128
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

129
Q

Tu mor of the adrenal medulla ( k ids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

130
Q

Type of Hodgkin’s

A

Nodular sclerosis (vs. m ixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

131
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin’s

A

Diffuse large cell

132
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

133
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

H S V- l

134
Q

Vitamin deficiency ( U . S . )

A

Folate (pregnant women a re a t h igh risk; body stores only 3 - to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

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