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RESIDENCY > FA review > Flashcards

FA review Flashcards

1
Q

Operant vs classic conditioning: whats the difference?

A

-operant conditioning deals with the reinforcement and punishment to change behavior.

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2
Q

Operant conditioning: Negative reinforcement: define

A

reward them by ceasing a punishment.

-ie. mouse presses button to turn off continuous noise.

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3
Q

Operant conditioning: extinction: define

A

Discontinuation of reinforcement (positive or negative) eventually eliminates behavior.
-ie. a child who climbs under his desk, a response which has been reinforced by attention, is subsequently ignored until the attention-seeking behavior no longer occurs.

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4
Q

immature ego defense: displacement

  • define
  • example
A

-transfer of an impulse toward a safer & less
distressful object.
-husband yelling at his dog after argument w/wife.

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5
Q

immature ego defense: projection

  • define
  • example
A

-Attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to
an external source.
-An imcompetent employee cant face the fact that he’s an idiot and blames his boss for being an asshole cuz he’s always on his ass.

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6
Q

Suppression vs repression

-which one is involuntary (and immature)?

A

repression

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7
Q

Sublimation

  • mature or immature
  • definition:
  • example:
A

mature

  • Replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one’s value system.
  • Teenager’s aggression toward his father is redirected to perform well in sports.
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8
Q

relationship between DOPAMINE and ACH:

A

dopamine inhibits ACh.
-Which is why ACh is high in parkinsons and you give anti-ACh (benadryl) with anti-psychotics (which block dopamine so then breaks taken off ACh) - helps prevent dystonia.

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9
Q

schizophrenia

-NT change?

A

dopamine increased

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10
Q

Order of loss of orientation

A

1-time
2-place
3-person

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11
Q

Korsakoff amnesia

  • cause?
  • destruction of which tissue?
  • retro or antero?
A
  • anterograde amnesia
  • thiamine deficiency
  • destruction of mammilary bodies
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12
Q

Wernicke Korsakoff

  • symptoms? mnemonic?
  • cause? pathophys?
A

confusion, ataxia, nystagmus (CAN of beer)

-alcohol inhibits thiamine absorption in the gut.

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13
Q

4 components of cognition:

-mnemonic?

A

memory, attention, language, judgement.

-LJAM

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14
Q

define apraxia

A

-inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage.

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15
Q

define aphasia

A

loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.

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16
Q

what is pseudodementia?

A

In elderly patients, depression may present like

dementia (pseudodementia).

17
Q

Delirium vs dementia

-which has abnormal EEG?

A

delerium has abnormal EEG

-dementia has normal EEG.

18
Q

psychosis

  • definition
  • 3 characteristics
A

-A distorted perception of reality (psychosis) characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and/or
disorganized thinking.

19
Q

Where do you see tactile hallucinations?

-define formication

A

alcohol and cocaine withdrawal

-formication = sensation of bugs crawling on your skin.

20
Q

Schizophrenia

-Dx criteria:

A

Diagnosis requires 2 or more of the following (first 4 in this list are “positive symptoms”):

  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations—often auditory
  • Disorganized speech (loose associations)
  • Disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • “Negative symptoms”—flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought.
21
Q

Schizo

  • positive Sxs - which receptor/NT?
  • negative Sxs - which receptor/NT?
A
  • positive = too much dopamine

- negative = too little 5HT2 (serotonin)

22
Q

Lifetime prevalence of schizo:

A
  1. 5%

- equal among men/women, equal among blacks/whites.

23
Q

Schizoaffective d/o

  • criteria:
  • 2 subtypes:
A
  • at least 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms, plus a major depressive, manic, or mixed (both) episode.
  • 2 subtypes: bipolar or depressive.
24
Q

schizoaffective vs major depression/bipolar w/psychotic features:

A
  • to DX schizoaffective disorder, psychosis must occur in the absence of major mood episodes, but mood episodes have to be present for most of the illness.
  • in major depressive or bipolar disorder w/psychotic features, psychotic Sxs only occur during mood episodes.
25
Q

delusional d/o

-criteria: how long does delusion have to last?

A

> 1 month

26
Q

Manic episode

  • episode must last how long?
  • at least how many of the DIGFAST?
A

> 1 week

-3 or more Sxs of DIGFAST

27
Q

Hypomanic episode

-at least how many days?

A

at least 4 consecutive days.

28
Q

MDD

  • how many of the SIGECAPS
  • which 2 are mandatory?
  • how long must these Sxs last?
A
  • 5 or more
  • depressed mood or anhedonia must be present
  • 2 weeks or more

*depressed mood not included in the SIGECAPS but is one of the 2 requisites.

29
Q

dysthymia

-must last how long?

A

2 years

30
Q

atypical depression

-features:

A
  • mood reactivity
  • reversed veg. sxs (weight gain, hypersomnia)
  • leaden paralysis (heavy feeling in arms/legs)
  • long-standing interpersonal rejection sensitivity
31
Q

Postpartum depression

  • incidence rate:
  • how long after delivery does it start?
  • how long does it usually last?
A
  • 10-15%
  • w/in 4 weeks of delivery
  • lasts 2 weeks to a year +
32
Q

Postpartum psychosis

  • incidence rate:
  • how long after delivery does it start?
  • how long does it usually last?
A
  • 0.1 to 0.2%
  • w/in 4 weeks of delivery
  • days to 4-6 wks

RESIDENCY (5 decks)

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