FA rapid facts Flashcards
What are the properties of the benzodiazepines drugs that make up ATOM?
Physiologic dependence is more likely to occur with short-acting agents (i.e., those with a shorter half-life). Oxazepam is one of the short-acting benzodiazepines that can be used to treat anxiety; Alprazolam, Triazolam, and Midazolam are other examples (remember the mnemonic ATOM).
Amiodorone side effects?
It is a K+ channel blocker, that prolongs phase 3. Adverse effects of amiodarone include interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction (both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism), hepatitis, blue-gray skin pigmentation in sun-exposed areas, and corneal deposits.
What is B-hcg similar to?
Beta hcg is similar to TSH, LH, and FSH. Beta hcg is used to determine if a person is pregnant. LH promotes rupture of the ovarian the follicle during ovulation.
what is procarbazine and what is its main S.E.?
Procarbazine is an alkylating agent used in cancer chemotherapy that also inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO). MAO in the gut normally degrades tyramine obtained from the diet. Therefore patients taking procarbazine should be cautioned against ingesting tyramine-containing foods (eg, aged cheeses, chicken liver, beer, and wine). Excess tyramine causes nerve terminals to release large amounts of catecholamines. In addition to monitoring dietary intake, patients should avoid over-the-counter drugs with sympathomimetic properties, such as ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine, which are components of several cough medicines and decongestants. The massive release of catecholamines can cause a hypertensive crisis with symptoms of headache, nausea, hypertension, tachycardia, and possibly cardiac arrhythmias and stroke
What is commonly given as maintenance therapy for uncomplicated ulcerative colitis?
Sulfasalazine
what is the MOA of isoniazid and the S.E.?
Of the antimycobacterial drugs, only isoniazid (INH) produces the lupus-like syndrome described in the vignette. INH decreases synthesis of mycolic acids. Furthermore, hepatotoxicity is common to many antituberculosis drugs (rifampin, pyrazinamide, and INH). Peripheral neuropathy is a potential side effect of INH use. The likelihood of the neuropathy can be minimized with vitamin B6 supplementation.
What do we use to treat CMV retinitis?
Retinal detachment, in which the neurosensory layer of the retina separates from the outermost pigmented epithelium, can occur as a later finding of CMV retinitis due to the accumulated damage to the retina. Retinal detachment typically manifests with sudden onset of floaters and/or photopsias with monocular vision loss. CMV retinitis is treated with the antivirals ganciclovir and foscarnet.
What are two long acting Benzodiazepines that work on alcohol withdrawal
Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam.
Which are the benzodiazepines that spare the liver?
OTL : outside the liver
Oxazepam, Temazepam, and Lorazepam. They do not undergo oxidative metabolism in the liver and have no active metabolites.
What is organophosphate poisoning treated with?
It is treated with muscarinic antagonist (Atropine) and Pralidoxime )PAM), a drug that reactivates acetylcholinesterase by binding organophasphates and decoupling them form the enzyme.
How do thionamides function and what are their S.E.?
Thionamides : Methimazole, propylthiouracil, function by inhibiting thyroid peroxidase, impairs iodine organofication. PTU is safely used in first trimester pregnance.
Both can cause agranulocytosis.
