FA - 3

Question 1

Great Depression was a period of _______ .

Answer 1

Economic crisis

Question 2

German Parliament known as

Answer 2

Reichstag

Question 3

camp where people were isolated and detained without due process of law, referred to as _______ .

Answer 3

concentration camp

Question 4

Article of the Weimar Constitution that gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree

Answer 4

Article 48

Question 5

Who offered the chancellorship to Hitler on 30 January 1933 ?

Answer 5

President Hindenburg

Question 6

Nazi Party had become largest party by _______ with how many % votes

Answer 6

1932 with 37% votes

Question 7

Tripartite Pact was signed between

Answer 7

Germany, Japan, Italy

Question 8

Nazi youth groups for children below 14 years of age were called _______ .

Answer 8

Jungvolk

Question 9

What was Auschwitz ?

Answer 9

Answer:
Auschwitz was the centre for mass killing during Nazi rule.

Question 10

original name of Nazi party ?

Answer 10

National Socialist German Workers party

Question 11

When was the Enabling Act passed in Germany ?

Answer 11

Answer:
On 3rd March, 1933

Question 12

four countries included in the Allied Powers in World War II.

Answer 12

Russia, France and England followed by USA entry in 1917

Question 13

significance of the Enabling Act

Answer 13

allowed Hitler to sideline parliament and rule by decree All political parties and trade unions were banned in Germany, except the Nazi party and its affiliates. The new state machinery under Hitler established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.

Question 14

What was the function International War Tribunal after second world war?

Answer 14

Prosecute Nazi war criminals for crimes against humanity, war crimes, crimes against peace

Question 15

Which incident persuaded the USA to join the second world war ?

Answer 15

Japan bombed Pearl Harbour

Question 16

Wall Street Exchange ?

Answer 16

World’s biggest stock exchange

Question 17

Central powers

Answer 17

Turkey, Germany, Austria- Hungary

Question 18

three main features of the foreign policy of Hitler.

Answer 18

On 30th January 1933, Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany and established dictatorship.
Right from the beginning, he followed a policy of aggression and war towards other countries.
He pulled out of the League of Nations in 1933, reoccupied Rhineland in 1936 and integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the slogan ‘One people, One empire, One leader’.
He then captured German-speaking Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia and later the entire country.
(iv) Hitler got unspoken support of England, which had considered the Versailles Treaty as too harsh.

Question 19

Peace Treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace.

Answer 19

Germany lost 1/10th of its population, overseas colonies, 13% of its territories, 75% of iron, 26% of coal to France, Poland, Denmark, Lithuania
Allies- Germany- demilitarised- weaken power
War guilt clause - germany responsible for war and damages that the allies countries suffered
compensation - 6 billion
occupied resource rich rhineland for much of 1920s

Question 20

State any three factors which made the Weimar Republic politically fragile.

Answer 20

Inherent defects - vulnerable to dictatorship
proportional representation which made it difficult for any one party to gain majority leading to rule by coalitions
article 48 - president the powers to rule by decree, impose emergency, suspend civil rights
liberal use of article 48 and 20 different cabinets lasting over a period of 239 days yet crisis could not be managed so people lost confidence

Question 21

impact of the Great Depression on the US

Answer 21

bw 1929 and 1932 national income of usa fell by half
factories shut down
exports fell
farmers were badly hit
speculators withdrew their money from the market

Question 22

impact of the Great Depression on the germany

Answer 22

by 1932 industrial production reduced to 40 percent of the 1929 level
workers lost jobs or were paid reduced wages
unemployed - 6 mill
men in streets with placards
youth - despair, criminal acts, sat at street corners, played cards, lined up desperately at local employment exchange
proletarianisation
peasantry - sharp fall in agri prices
woman - despair - no food children

Question 23

impact of the First World War on European society and polity

Answer 23

In society, soldiers were ranked higher than civilians. Trench life of the soldiers was glorified by the media.
(ii) Politicians and publicists laid great stress on the need for men to be aggressive and masculine.
(iii) Aggressive war propaganda and national honour occupied centre stage in the public sphere.
(iv) People’s support grew for the recently established dictatorships.
(v) Democracy as a young and fragile idea could not survive the instabilities of interwar Europe.

Question 24

helmuth’s story

Answer 24

11 yo german boy, heard parents discussing while in bed in serious tones, father saying suicide alone or kill entire fam, next day woods - children’s songs - last happy time, later shot himself in office, bloody uniform being burnt in fireplace, traumatised, no food for nine years in house

Question 25

What do you understand by the ‘Genocidal War’ in Germany?

Answer 25

It means the mass murder of selected groups of innocent civilians of Europe. Nazis killed the Jews, Gypsies and the Polish civilians. They killed people in poisoned gas chambers. Number of people killed included six million Jews, 2,00,000 Gypsies, one million Polish civilians, 70,000 Germans, who were considered mentally and physically disabled besides many political opponents.

Question 26

Describe the events leading to the economic crisis in Germany.

Answer 26

Germany had fought World War I largely on loans and had to pay war reparations in gold. This depleted the gold reserves in the country. In 1923, Germany refused to pay and the French occupied its leading industrial area, Ruhr to claim their coal. Germany retaliated and printed paper currency ruthlessly. With too much printed money in circulation, the value of German mark fell. As the value of mark collapsed, prices of goods increased. This crisis in which Germans had to carry cartloads of currency notes to buy a loaf of bread, was known as ‘hyperinflation’.

Question 27

Describe the formation of the Nazi Party.

Answer 27

Economic crisis formed the background to Hitler’s rise to power. Hitler was born in Austria and spent his youth in poverty. In the First World War, he joined the army and acted as messenger in the front. The Treaty of Versailles and the defeat of Germany in World War I made him furious and horrified. In 1919, he joined a small group called the German Workers’ Party and renamed it after taking over that party as, ‘The National Socialist German Workers’ Party’. This party later on, came to be known as the ‘Nazi Party’.

Question 28

promise of hitler

Answer 28

He promised to build a strong nation and undo the justice of Treaty of Versailles and restore the dignity of the German people.
(ii) He promised employment for those looking for work.
(iii) He promised to protect Germany from all foreign influences and secure his country’s future.

Question 29

end of ii ww

Answer 29

In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland with the result that it started a war with France and England.
In September 1940, Tripartite Pact with Italy and Japan and Germany was signed.
By the end of 1940, Hitler had almost won all the wars.
Hitler attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941.
The Soviet Red Army gave a crushing defeat to the German soldiers.
In the meantime, the US also entered the war when the Japanese bombed the US base at Pearl Harbour.
The war ended in May 1945, with Hitler’s defeat and US dropping of atom bomb on Hiroshima in Japan.

Question 30

How was German Parliament established after First World war

Answer 30

The defeat of imperial Germany and the abdication of the emperor gave an opportunity to parliamentary parties to recast German polity National Assembly met at Weimer and established a democratic constitution with a federal structure. Deputies were now elected to the German Parliament or Reichstag, on the basis of equal and universal votes cast by all adults including women.

Question 31

What do you understand by ‘Hyperinflation’?

Answer 31

With too much of printed money in circulation, the value of German mark fell. As the value of German mark collapsed, prices of goods soared. The image of Germans carrying cartloads of currency notes to buy a loaf of bread was widely publicised evoking worldwide sympathy This crisis came to be known as ‘hyperinflation’, a situation when prices rise phenomenally high.

Question 32

Explain any five measures adopted by Hitler to establish dictatorship in Germany.

Answer 32

Under his rule, the Fire Decree of 28th February, 1933 was passed which indefinitely suspended civic rights like freedom of speech, press and assembly.
(ii) Then he turned his arch enemies the communists, most of whom were hurriedly packed off to the newly established concentration camps.
(iii) The Socialists, Democrats and Catholics also were arrested and killed.
(iv) On 3rd March, 1933 the famous Enabling Act was passed. This Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.
(v) All political parties and trade unions were banned. He controlled media, army and judiciary.

Question 33

Which special surveillance and security forces were created by Nazis?

Answer 33

Apart from the already existing regular police in green uniform and the Storm Troopers (SA), these included the Gestapo (Secret State Police) the SS (the protection squads) criminal police and security service. It was the extra constitutional powers of these newly organised forces that gave the Nazi state its reputation as the most dreaded criminal state. People could now be detained in Gestapo torture chambers, rounded up and sent to concentration camps, deported at will or arrested without any legal procedures. The police forces acquired powers to rule with impunity.

Question 34

Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.

Answer 34

he infant Weimar Republic was forced to pay for the sins of the old empire. The republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation.
(ii) The Socialists, Catholics and Democrats who supported the Weimer Republic became easy target of attack in the conservative nationalist circles. They were mockingly called ‘November criminals’.
(iii) There was revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.
(iv) Soviets of workers and sailors were established in many cities. There was demand for Soviet-style governance. The Weimar Republic crushed the uprising with the help of a war veterans’ organisation called, ‘Free Corps’.
(v) The Spartacists later founded the Communist Party of Germany. Communists and Scientists henceforth became irreconcilable enemies and could not make common cause against Hitler.
(vi) There was economic crisis of 1923. Prices of goods soared. The crisis came to be known as hyperinflation, a situation when prices rise phenomenally high.
(vii) Politically too, the Weimar Republic was fragile. System of proportionate representation and Article 48 which gave President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree. The Weimer Republic saw twenty different cabinets lasting on an average 239 days, and a liberal use of Article 48.