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AnaPhy 1st Sem > FA 1 > Flashcards

FA 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

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3
Q

The term anatomy, (tomy) ______, (ana) _____

A

Cut, apart

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4
Q

Anatomy meaning __ ___ _____.

A

To cut apart

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5
Q

Whenever we look
at our own body or study large body structures
such as the heart or bones.

A

Gross Anatomy

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6
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Whenever we look
at our own body or study large body structures
such as the heart or bones.

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7
Q

We are studying large, easily
observable structures.

A

Gross Anatomy

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8
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Studying large, easily
observable structures.

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9
Q

Is used whenever we look at our own body or study large body structures.

A

Gross Anatomy

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10
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Is used whenever we look at our own body or study large body structures.

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11
Q

Is the study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microscopic anatomy

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12
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Is the study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

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13
Q

The cells
and tissues of the body can only be seen through
a microscope.

A

Microscopic anatomy

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14
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

The cells
and tissues of the body can only be seen through
a microscope.

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15
Q

Study of how the
body and its parts work or function.

A

Physiology

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16
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how the
body and its parts work or function.

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17
Q

The study of the structure and organization of living organisms

A

Anatomy

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18
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure and organization of living organisms

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19
Q

Focuses on how these structures function and work together.

A

Physiology

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20
Q

Physiology

A

Focuses on how these structures function and work together.

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21
Q

The term Physiology, (physio) ________, (ology) _______

A

Nature, the study of

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22
Q

Explains the workings of the
nervous system.

A

Neurophysiology

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23
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Explains the workings of the
nervous system.

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24
Q

Studies the function of the heart.

A

Cardiac physiology

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25
Q

Cardiac physiology

A

Studies the function of the heart.

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26
Q

Acts as a muscular pump to keep blood flowing throughout the body.

A

Heart

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27
Q

Heart

A

Acts as a muscular pump to keep blood flowing throughout the body.

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28
Q

What is your definition of anatomy and physiology, and how are they related?

A

Anatomy studies the structure, framework, and parts of the body, and how it related to one another. While Physiology studies how it works.

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29
Q

Pumps blood through
the body.

A

Heart

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30
Q

Heart

A

Pumps blood through
the body.

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31
Q

Exchange gases and provide oxygen to the body.

A

Lungs

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32
Q

Lungs

A

Exchange gases and provide oxygen to the body.

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33
Q

Name the six levels of structural organization/ structural ladder that make up the human body.

A

Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organismal Level

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34
Q

How are the six levels of structural organization/ structural ladder of the body relate to one another.

A

In the chemical level, atoms combine to form molecules.

Wherein these molecules are made-up to create cells in Cellular level.

As we go on, these cells build-up to make tissues in tissue level

Collecting more and more tissues which forms an organ.

And with these different organs, creates different organ systems.

Where human organisms work together through different organ systems.

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35
Q

Circulate blood continuously
to carry nutrients and oxygen to all body cells.

A

Heart and blood vessels

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36
Q

Carry nutrients and oxygen to all body cells.

A

Heart and blood vessels

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37
Q

In what system does the heart and blood vessels belong.

A

Cardiovascular System

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38
Q

Name the organ systems of the body.

A

Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System

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39
Q

How many levels of structural organization/ structural ladder of the body are there

A

6 Six

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40
Q

How many organ systems are there in the body.

A

11 Eleven

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41
Q

The external covering of the body, or the skin.

A

Integumentary System

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42
Q

The external covering of the body.

A

Integumentary System

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43
Q

The external covering of the skin.

A

Integumentary System

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44
Q

Waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury.

A

Integumentary System

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45
Q

Protects the deeper tissues from injury.

A

Integumentary System

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46
Q

Excretes salts
and urea in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature.

A

Integumentary System

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47
Q

The external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails.

A

Integumentary System

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48
Q

With the help of sunlight, it produces vitamin D.

A

Integumentary System

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49
Q

Sensory receptors located in the ____ alert us to what is happening at the body surface

A

Skin

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50
Q

__________,____________, and ________ located in the skin alert us to what is happening at the body surface.

A

Temperature, pressure, and pain receptors

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51
Q

Consists of bones, cartilages,
ligaments, and joints.

A

Skeletal System

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52
Q

Supports the body and
provides a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement.

A

Skeletal System

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53
Q

Has a protective function

A

Skeletal System

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53
Q

Has a protective function (for example, the skull encloses and protects the brain).

A

Skeletal System

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54
Q

Formation of blood cells.

A

Hematopoiesis

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55
Q

In what system does Hematopoiesis belong?

A

Skeletal System

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56
Q

Takes place within the
cavities of the skeleton.

A

Hematopoiesis

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57
Q

The hard substance of bones acts as a storehouse for minerals.

A

…?

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58
Q

The muscles of the body have only one function. ________ and ________.

A

To contract, or shorten.

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59
Q

The muscles of the body have only one function: to contract, or shorten. When this happens, movement occurs.

A

Muscular System

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60
Q

“Machines” of the body.

A

Muscular System

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61
Q

Viewed as the “machines” of the body.

A

Muscular System

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62
Q

Can be viewed as the “machines” of the body.

A

Muscular System

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63
Q

The mobility of the body as a whole reflects the activity of _______ _______. The large, fleshy muscles attached to bones.

A

Skeletal muscles

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64
Q

The mobility of the body as a whole reflects the activity of _______ _______.

A

Skeletal muscles

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65
Q

The large, fleshy muscles attached to bones.

A

Skeletal muscles

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66
Q

When these (skeletal muscles) _________, you are able to stand erect, walk,
leap, grasp, throw a ball, or smile.

A

Contract

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67
Q

The skeletal muscles form the muscular system. True of False.

A

True

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68
Q

How does the skeletal muscle form the muscular sytem?

A

They provide movement and stability to the body.

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69
Q

What are the three types of muscle in the muscular system.

A

Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle

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70
Q

Muscles found in the walls of internal organs, such as the digestive system and blood vessels, and they control involuntary movements.

A

Smooth Muscle

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71
Q

Found in the walls of internal organs, such as the digestive system and blood vessels, and they control involuntary movements.

A

Smooth Muscle

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72
Q

They control involuntary movements.

A

Smooth Muscle

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73
Q

Control involuntary movements.

A

Smooth Muscle

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74
Q

Controls involuntary movements.

A

Smooth Muscle

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75
Q

Muscle that are specific to the heart and are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

A

Cardiac Muscle

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76
Q

Are specific to the heart and are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

A

Cardiac Muscle

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77
Q

Specific to the heart and responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

A

Cardiac Muscle

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78
Q

Muscles that are responsible for the voluntary movements of the body

A

Skeletal Muscle

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79
Q

They are attached to the bones and work in pairs.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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80
Q

Are responsible for involuntary movements.

A

Smooth Muscle

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81
Q

These muscles work to move fluids.

A

Smooth Muscle

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82
Q

These muscles work to move fluids, such as blood or urine, or other substances, such as food, through the pathways within the body.

A

Smooth Muscle

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83
Q

Work to move fluids, such as blood or urine, or other substances, such as food, through the pathways within the body.

A

Smooth Muscle

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84
Q

Move fluids, such as blood or urine, or other substances, such as food, through the pathways within the body.

A

Smooth Muscle

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85
Q

Moves fluids, such as blood or urine, or other substances, such as food, through the pathways within the body.

A

Smooth Muscle

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86
Q

We (do or do not) not have direct control over the contractions of smooth muscles.

A

do not

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87
Q

We have direct control over the contractions of smooth muscles.

A

False

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88
Q

Move fluids (blood,
urine) or other substances (such as food) along
definite pathways within the body.

A

Smooth Muscle

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89
Q

We have no direct control over the contractions of smooth muscles.

A

True

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90
Q

The body’s fast-acting control system.

A

Nervous System

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91
Q

Body’s fast-acting control system.

A

Nervous System

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92
Q

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

A

Nervous System

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93
Q

Respond to irritants or stimuli coming from
outside the body (such as light, sound, or changes
in temperature) and from inside the body (such
as decreases in oxygen or stretching of tissue).

A

Nervous System

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94
Q

The body must be
able to respond to irritants or stimuli coming from
outside the body (such as light, sound, or changes
in temperature) and from inside the body (such
as decreases in oxygen or stretching of tissue).

A

Nervous System

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95
Q

The system wherein the body must be able to respond to irritants or stimuli coming from
outside the body (such as light, sound, or changes
in temperature) and from inside the body (such
as decreases in oxygen or stretching of tissue).

A

Nervous System

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96
Q

What muscles move fluids and what are these fluids or other

A

Smooth Muscle, moves fluids like blood, urine, and other substances like food.

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97
Q

What factors affect the response of sensory receptors outside the body

A

Light, sound, and changes
in temperature

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98
Q

What factors affect the response of sensory receptors inside the body

A

decreases in oxygen or stretching of tissue).

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99
Q

Electric Signals, also known as

A

Nerve Impulses

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99
Q

The sensory receptors detect these changes and
send messages (via ________ ________ called ______ _________.)

A

Electric Signals called Nerve Impulses

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100
Q

Electric Signals, also called as

A

Nerve Impulses

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101
Q

Nerve Impulses, also called as

A

Electric Signals

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102
Q

Nerve Impulses, also known as

A

Electric Signals

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103
Q

The sensory receptors detect these changes and send messages (via electrical signals called nerve
impulses) to the ________ __________ _________.

A

Central Nervous System

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104
Q

The sensory receptors detect these changes and
send messages to the ________ __________ _________.

A

Central Nervous System

105
Q

The sensory receptors detect these changes and send messages (via ________ _________ called _______ ______) to the Central Nervous System.

A

Electric Signals called Nerve Impulses

106
Q

System in brain and
spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System

107
Q

Is constantly informed about
what is going on.

A

Central Nervous System

108
Q

Assesses the information

A

Central Nervous System

109
Q

Assesses this information and responds by activating
the appropriate body effectors (muscles or glands).

A

Central Nervous System

110
Q

Responds by activating
the appropriate body effectors (muscles or glands).

A

Central Nervous System

111
Q

The appropriate body effectors (________ or ________)

A

muscles or glands

112
Q

Like the nervous system, this
system controls body activities.

A

Endocrine System

113
Q

Like the nervous system, this
system controls body activities, but acts much more slowly.

A

Endocrine System

114
Q

Controls body activities, but acts slowly.

A

Endocrine System

115
Q

The endocrine glands produce __________.

A

Hormones

116
Q

Hormones

A

Are chemical molecules

117
Q

The endocrine glands produce chemical molecules called__________.

A

Hormones

118
Q

The endocrine glands produce hormones that are__________.

A

Chemical molecules

119
Q

The endocrine glands produce chemical molecules called hormones and _______ them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target organs.

A

release

120
Q

The Endocrine glands produce chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the _______ to travel to relatively distant target organs.

A

blood

120
Q

The ________ produce chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target organs.

A

Endocrine glands

121
Q

The _____________ produce chemical molecules called _________ and release them into the ________to travel to relatively distant target organs.

A

Endocrine glands, hormones, blood

122
Q

Include the pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas,
pineal, ovaries (in the female), and testes (in the male).

A

Endocrine glands

123
Q

Consists of the adrenals, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, parathyroids, ovaries, testes, pineal, and thymus.

A

Endocrine glands

124
Q

Not connected anatomically in the same way that parts of the other organ systems are.

A

Endocrine glands

125
Q

What other organ systems and endocrine glands have in common is that ….

A

They all secrete hormones.

126
Q

Hormones regulate what kind of structures

A

Hormones regulate various structures in the body, including organs, tissues, cells, and even specific processes. They can influence growth, metabolism, reproduction, mood, and many other bodily functions.

127
Q

The body functions controlled by hormones are _________, involving every cell in
the body.

A

many and varied

128
Q

They can control growth, metabolism, reproduction, mood, and many other bodily functions.

A

Hormones

129
Q

Growth, reproduction, repair, and food use by cells are all controlled by _____

A

Hormones

130
Q

Primary organs of the cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels.

131
Q

Transporting fluid

A

Blood

132
Q

Cardiovascular system, which consists of________

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

133
Q

Cardiovascular system function

A

Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances throughout the body

134
Q

Using ________ as
the transporting fluid, the ___________ system
carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges
are made.

A

blood, cardiovascular, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances

135
Q

Using blood as
the __________________, the cardiovascular system carries ___________________________________________________ to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made.

A

transporting fluid, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances

136
Q

Using blood as
the transporting fluid, the cardiovascular system ___________oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances ________ and ________ the tissue cells where exchanges are made.

A

carries, to and from

137
Q

Using blood as
the _____________________, the cardiovascular system ___________oxygen, __________, hormones, and other substances to and from the _____________ where exchanges are made.

A

transporting fluid, carries, nutrients, tissue cells

138
Q

White blood cells and chemicals in the blood help to __________ the body from such foreign
invaders as __________, __________, and _______

A

protect, bacteria, toxins, and tumor cells.

139
Q

___________________ and __________in the blood help to protect the body from such foreign
invaders as bacteria, toxins, and tumor cells.

A

White blood cells and chemicals

140
Q

The white blood cells and chemicals in the _________ work together to protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria, toxins, and tumor cells

A

blood

141
Q

The_____________________ and ___________in the blood work together to protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria, toxins, and tumor cells.

A

white blood cells and chemicals

142
Q

The
__________ acts as the blood pump, propelling blood
out of its chambers into the _____________ to be
transported to all body tissues.

A

heart, blood vessels

143
Q

The
__________ acts as the blood pump, propelling blood
out of its chambers into the blood vessels to be
transported to all ____________.

A

body tissues.

144
Q

The role of the lymphatic system complements
that of the ______________ system.

A

cardiovascular

145
Q

The lymphatic system complements the cardiovascular system by ______________________________

A

helping to maintain fluid balance in the body.

146
Q

The lymphatic system complements the cardiovascular system by helping to ________________________________

A

maintain fluid balance in the body.

147
Q

Responsible for circulating blood and delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells

A

Cardiovascular System

148
Q

Remove excess fluid, waste products, and toxins from the tissues.

A

Lymphatic System

149
Q

By lymphatic system and cardiovascular system working together, they ensure the _____________________________________________

A

proper functioning of the body’s circulatory and immune systems.

150
Q

Helps maintain fluid balance and supports the immune system

A

Lymphatic System

151
Q

Provides the lymphatic system with a pathway for the circulation of lymphatic fluid.

A

Cardiovascular System

152
Q

The capillaries and vessels of the _____________ are connected to the cardiovascular system

A

lymphatic system

153
Q

The ___________ and ___________of the lymphatic system are connected to the cardiovascular system

A

capillaries and vessels

154
Q

“The role of the lymphatic system complements
that of the cardiovascular system.” How

A

The capillaries and vessels of the lymphatic system are connected to the cardiovascular system, allowing the lymphatic fluid to eventually return to the bloodstream. Additionally, the pumping action of the heart in the cardiovascular system helps to promote the flow of lymphatic fluid through the lymphatic vessels.

155
Q

Responsible for circulating blood and delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells,

A

Cardiovascular System

156
Q

Helps maintain fluid balance, remove excess fluid and waste products from the tissues, and support the immune system.

A

Lymphatic System

157
Q

The lymphatic system also plays a role in the cardiovascular system by ______________________. This helps maintain proper fluid levels and overall cardiovascular function.

A

returning filtered lymphatic fluid back to the bloodstream through the lymphatic vessels.

158
Q

The lymphatic system also plays a role in the cardiovascular system by returning filtered lymphatic fluid back to the bloodstream through the lymphatic vessels. This helps maintain ___________________

A

proper fluid levels and overall cardiovascular function.

159
Q

Its organs include
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid
organs such as the spleen and tonsils.

A

Lymphatic System

160
Q

return fluid leaked from the blood back to the blood vessels so that blood can be kept continuously circulating through the body.

A

lymphatic
vessels

161
Q

help to cleanse
the blood and house cells involved in immunity.

A

lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs

162
Q

keep
the body constantly supplied with oxygen and to
remove carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory System

163
Q

consists of the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

A

Respiratory System

164
Q

Within the ________ are
tiny air sacs.

A

lungs

165
Q

Within the lungs are
_____________.

A

tiny air sacs

166
Q

Gases are transported ____ and _______ the
blood through the thin walls of these air sacs.

A

to and from

167
Q

__________ are transported to and from the
blood through the thin walls of these air sacs.

A

Gases

168
Q

Gases are transported to and from the
________ through the thin walls of these air sacs.

A

blood

169
Q

Gases are transported to and from the
blood through the _______________ of these air sacs.

A

thin walls

170
Q

Gases are transported to and from the
blood through the thin walls of these ____________

A

air sacs.

171
Q

a tube running
through the body from mouth to anus.

A

Digestive System

172
Q

include the oral cavity (mouth),
esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and
rectum plus a number of accessory organs (liver,
salivary glands, pancreas, and others).

A

Digestive System

173
Q

break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells.

A

Digestive System

174
Q

The undigested food that remains in the tract leaves the body through the anus as __________.

A

feces

174
Q

The undigested food that remains in the tract ________ the body through the anus as __________.

A

leaves, feces

175
Q

The breakdown activities
that begin in the mouth are completed in the _________________.

A

small intestine

176
Q

The breakdown activities
that begin in the mouth are completed in the small intestine. From that point on, the major function of
the digestive system is to __________________.

A

reclaim water

177
Q

The liver is considered a digestive organ because the bile it produces helps to break down _________.

A

fats

178
Q

fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

A

Bile

179
Q

It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract.

A

Bile

180
Q

The _____________, which delivers digestive enzymes to the small intestine, also is functionally a digestive organ.

A

pancreas

181
Q

The pancreas, which delivers _______________ to the small intestine, also is functionally a digestive organ.

A

digestive enzymes

182
Q

The body produces wastes as________________ of its normal functions, and these wastes must be ____________ of. One type of waste contains nitrogen (examples are urea and uric acid), which results when the ____________ break down ___________ and ____________.)

A

by-products , disposed, body cells, proteins and nucleic acids

183
Q

removes the
nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and
flushes them from the body in urine.

A

Urinary System

184
Q

often called the excretory system,

A

Urinary System

185
Q

Also called Urinary System

A

excretory system

186
Q

Composed of
the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

A

Urinary System or Excretory System

187
Q

Other important functions of this system include maintaining the body’s _______ and ______________ and ________________________.

A

water and salt (electrolyte) balance, regulating the acid-base balance of the blood.

188
Q

Exists primarily to pro-
duce offspring.

A

Reproductive System

189
Q

The testes of the male produce _________.

A

sperm

190
Q

The __________ of the male produce sperm.

A

testes

191
Q

The testes of the ________ produce sperm.

A

male

192
Q

Other male reproductive system structures are the ________________________________which carries sperm to the outside of the body.

A

scrotum, penis, accessory glands, and the
duct system

193
Q

The ovaries of the female produce
_____________

A

eggs, or ova

194
Q

the female duct system consists of the _____________________

A

uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.

195
Q

The uterus provides the site for the ____________ of the fetus (immature infant) once __________ has occurred.

A

development, fertilization

196
Q

The uterus provides the site for the development of the fetus (_____________) once fertilization has occurred.

A

immature infant

197
Q

The________ provides the site for the development of the fetus (immature infant) once fertilization has occurred.

A

uterus

198
Q

At which level of structural organization is the stomach? At which level is a glucose molecule?

A

Organ level, chemical level

199
Q

Which organ system includes the trachea, lungs, nasal cavity, and bronchi?

A

Respiratory System

200
Q

List eight functions that humans must perform to maintain life.

A
  • Maintaining Boundaries
  • Movement
  • Responsiveness
  • Digestion
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
  • Reproduction
  • Growth
200
Q

List the five survival needs of the human body.

A
  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Normal body temperature
201
Q

Maintain their boundaries,

A

Maintaining Boundaries

202
Q

Move

A

Movement

203
Q

Respond to environmental changes,

A

Responsiveness

204
Q

Take in and digest nutrients

A

Digestion

204
Q

Carry out metabolism

A

Metabolism

204
Q

Dispose of wastes

A

Excretion

205
Q

Reproduce themselves

A

Reproduction

205
Q

Grow

A

Growth

206
Q

Organ systems work in isolation

A

Organ systems do not work in isolation

207
Q

They work together to promote the well-being of the entire body

A

Organ systems

207
Q

Every living organism must be able to maintain its boundaries so that its “inside” remains distinct from its “outside.”

A

Maintaining Boundaries

208
Q

Every cell of the human body is surrounded by an external membrane that contains its contents and allows needed substances in while generally preventing entry of potentially
damaging or unnecessary substances.

A

Maintaining Boundaries

209
Q

The body as a whole is also enclosed by the integumentary system, or skin.

A

Maintaining Boundaries

209
Q

The integumentary system protects internal organs from drying out (which would be fatal), from bacteria, and from the damaging effects of heat, sunlight, and an unbelievable number of chemical substances in the external environment.

A

Maintaining Boundaries

210
Q

Includes all the activities promoted by
the muscular system,

A

Movement

210
Q

Includes all the activities promoted by
the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another (by walking, swimming, and so forth) and manipulating the external environment with our fingers.

A

Movement

211
Q

Also occurs when substances
such as blood, foodstuffs, and urine are propelled through the internal organs of the cardiovascular, digestive, and urinary systems, respectively.

A

Movement

212
Q

For example, if you cut your
hand on broken glass, you involuntarily pull your hand away from the painful stimulus (the broken glass). You do not need to think about it—it just happens! Likewise, when the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood rises to dangerously high levels, your breathing rate speeds up to blow off the excess carbon dioxide.

A

Responsiveness, or irritability

213
Q

Is the ability to
sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.

A

Responsiveness, or irritability

214
Q

Process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood.

A

Digestion

214
Q

Because nerve cells are highly irritable and can communicate rapidly with each other via electrical impulses, the nervous system bears the major responsibility for responsiveness. However, all body cells are irritable to some extent.

A

Responsiveness, or irritability

214
Q

The nutrient-rich blood is then distributed to all body cells by the cardiovascular system.

A

Digestion

215
Q

In a simple, one-celled organism such as an amoeba, the cell itself is the “digestion factory,” but in the complex, multicellular human body, the _______________performs this function for the entire body.

A

digestive system

216
Q

amoeba

A

“digestion factory”

217
Q

A broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.

A

Metabolism

217
Q

“digestion factory”

A

amoeba

218
Q

Includes breaking down complex substances into simpler building blocks, making larger structures from smaller ones, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy-rich molecules that power cellular activities.

A

Metabolism

219
Q

Metabolism depends on the ______________ and _______________ to make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood and on the ____________________ to distribute these needed substances throughout the body. Metabolism is regulated chiefly by hormones secreted by the glands of the _________________

A

digestive and respiratory systems, cardiovascular system, endocrine system.

220
Q

____________ depends on the digestive and respiratory systems, to make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood and on the cardiovascular system to distribute these needed substances throughout the body. Metabolism is regulated chiefly by hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine system.

A

Metabolism

221
Q

Metabolism depends on the digestive and respiratory systems, to make _____________and ___________available to the _________ and on the cardiovascular system to distribute these needed substances throughout the body. Metabolism is regulated chiefly by ___________ secreted by the glands of the endocrine system.

A

nutrients and oxygen, blood, hormones, glands

222
Q

Process of removing excreta or wastes, from the body.

A

Excretion

222
Q

Several organ systems participate in excretion. For example, the
________________ rids the body of indigestible food residues in feces, and the ________________ disposes of nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes in urine.

A

digestive system, urinary system

223
Q

If the body is to continue to operate as we expect it to, it must get rid of the nonuseful substances produced during digestion and metabolism.

A

Excretion

224
Q

The production of offspring

A

Reproduction

225
Q

In cellular reproduction, the original cell __________, producing two ___________cells that may then be used for _________________ or ________

A

divides, identical daughter cells, body growth or repair.

226
Q

Making a whole new person, is the task of the organs of the ____________

A

reproductive system

227
Q

Produce sperm and eggs in what system

A

Reproductive System

227
Q

When a sperm unites with
an egg, a ____________ forms, which then develops into a _________ within the mother’s body.

A

fertilized egg, baby

227
Q

The function of the reproductive system is regulated very precisely by____________ of the ____________.

A

hormones, endocrine system

227
Q

Increase in size, usually accomplished
by an increase in the number of cells.

A
228
Q

For growth to occur, cell-constructing activities must occur at a __________ rate than _______________.

A

faster, cell-destroying ones

229
Q

Hormones released by the ______________play a major role in directing growth.

A

endocrine system

230
Q

___________ released by the endocrine system play a major role in directing growth.

A

Hormones

230
Q

Survival Needs

A
  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Normal body temperature
230
Q

In addition to being able to metabolize, grow, digest food, and excrete waste, what other functions
must an organism perform if it is to survive?

A
231
Q

Oxygen is a survival need. Why is it so important? In which life function does oxygen participate
directly?

A
232
Q
A
232
Q

The body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward.

A
233
Q
A
233
Q
A
234
Q
A
234
Q
A
235
Q
A
236
Q
A
236
Q
A
236
Q
A
236
Q
A
237
Q
A

AnaPhy 1st Sem (3 decks)

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