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Form 4 Physics > F4 List of Definitions 2021 > Flashcards

F4 List of Definitions 2021 Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical quantity

A

A quantity that can be measured

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2
Q

Base quantity

A

A physical quantity that cannot be derived from another physical quantity

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3
Q

Derived quantity

A

A quantity which can be obtained by combination of base quantities by
mean of multiplication, division or both

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4
Q

Scalar quantity

A

Physical quantities that have magnitude only

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5
Q

Vector quantity

A

Physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction

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6
Q

Linear motion

A

Motion in a straight line

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7
Q

Speed, v

A

Rate of change of distance

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8
Q

Velocity, v

A

Rate of change of displacement

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9
Q

Acceleration, a

A

Rate of change of velocity

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10
Q

Free fall motion

A

A situation where an object falls down due to gravitational force only

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11
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency of an object to remain at rest or to continue its uniform motion in a straight line at uniform velocity

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12
Q

Newton’s first law of
motion

A

An object will remain at rest or move at uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external foce

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13
Q

Momentum, p

A

A product of mass multiplies by velocity

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14
Q

Force, F

A

The action of pushing or pulling to change the size and direction of motion
of an object

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15
Q

Newton’s second law of
motion

A

Rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force and
acts in the direction of the applied force

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16
Q

Impulsive Force, F

A

Rate of change of momentum in a collison or impact in a short period of
time

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16
Q

Impulse, J

A

Change of momentum

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17
Q

Newton’s third law of
motion

A

For every action there is a reaction of equal magnitude but in the opposite
direction

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18
Q

Weight, W

A

A gravitational force acting on an object

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19
Q

Newton’s universal law
of gravitation

A

The gravitational foce between two bodies is directly proportional to the
product of the masses of both bodies and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between the centres of the two bodies

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20
Q

Centripetal force

A

A force acts on the body in a direction towards the centre of the circle

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21
Q

Kepler’s first law

A

All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus (Law of
Orbits)

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22
Q

Kepler’s second law

A

A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out the equal areas in
equal times (Law of Areas)

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23
Q

Kepler’s third law

A

The square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to
the cube of the radius of its orbit (Law of Periods)

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24
Q

Orbital radius

A

Average value of the distance between the planet and the Sun

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25
Q

Escape velocity, v

A

Minimum velocity needed by an object on the surface of the Earth to
overcome the gravitational force and escape to outer space

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26
Q

Temperature, T

A

Measure of the degree of hotness of an object

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27
Q

Heat, Q

A

The amount of thermal energy that can be transferred from one object to
another

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28
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

A condition where net heat transfer between two objects becomes zero

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29
Q

Heat capacity, C

A

Quantity of heat needed to raise temperature of the object by 1°C

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30
Q

Specific heat capacity, c

A

Quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg mass of the
substance by 1°C

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31
Q

Latent heat

A

Heat that is absorbed during melting and boiling without change in
temperature

32
Q

Specific latent heat, l

A

The quantity of heat that is absorbed or released during a change of phase
of 1kg of the substance without any change in its temperature

33
Q

Specific latent heat of
fusion, lf

A

The quantity of heat that is absorbed during melting or the quantity of
heat released during freezing of 1kg of the substance without any change
in temperature (solid-liquid | liquid-solid)

34
Q

Specific latent heat of
vaporisation, lv

A

The quantity of heat that is absorbed during boiling or the quantity of
heat released during condensation of 1kg of the substance without any
change in temperature (liquid-gas | gas-liquid)

35
Q

Boyle’s law

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at
constant temperature

36
Q

Charles’ law

A

Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature for a fixed mass
of gas at constant pressure

37
Q

Gay-Lussac’s law

A

Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature of a fixed mass
of gas at constant volume

38
Q

Oscillation, vibration

A

Repetitive motions about an equilibrium position in a closed path

39
Q

Amplitude, A

A

Maximum displacement from its equilibrium position

40
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave which the vibration of particles in the medium is perpendicular to
the direction of propagation of the wave

41
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

A wave which the vibration of particles in the medium is parallel to the
direction of the wave

42
Q

Period, T

A

The time taken by a particle to make one complete oscillation or by a
source to produce one complete cycle of wave

43
Q

Frequency, f

A

Number of complete oscillations made by a particle or number of cycles
of wave produced by a source in one second

44
Q

Wavelength, λ

A

Distance between two consecutive points in phase

45
Q

Wave speed, v

A

Distance travelled per second by a wave profile

46
Q

External damping

A

Oscillating system loses energy to overcome friction or air resistance

47
Q

Internal damping

A

Oscillating system loses energy because of the stretching and
compression of the vibrating particles in the system

48
Q

Damping

A

Reduction in amplitude in an oscillating system due to loss of energy

49
Q

Resonance

A

When a periodic force is applied to an oscillating system at its natural
frequency

50
Q

Wavefront

A

Lines joining all the points of the same phase

51
Q

Refraction of waves

A

The change in direction of propagation of waves caused by the change in
the velocity of waves when the waves propagate from one medium to
another

52
Q

Diffraction of waves

A

The spreading of waves when the waves pass through a gap or round a
barrier

53
Q

Interference of waves

A

The superposition of two or more waves from a coherent source of waves

54
Q

Constructive
Interference

A

Occurs when two crests or troughs are in superposition to produce
maximum amplitude

55
Q

Destructive
Interference

A

Occurs when a crest and a trough are in superposition to produce zero
combined amplitude

56
Q

Electromagnetic
spectrum

A

Seven types of electromagnetic waves that forms a continuos spectrum

57
Q

Electromagnetic wave

A

Produced when electric and magnetic field vibrate at right angle to each
other

58
Q

Refraction of light

A

A phenomenon when light changes direction when it travels from one
medium to another medium of different densities

59
Q

Refractive index, n

A

The ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in medium

60
Q

Snell’s Law

A

When light travels from one mediu to another medium, the incident ray,
the refracted ray and the normal meet at one point and are in the same
plane

61
Q

Total internal reflection

A

When light travels from a medium with high optical density to a medium
of low optical density

62
Q

Critical angle, c

A

Incident anglewhen refracted angle equal to 90°

63
Q

Formation of rainbow

A

Caused by refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection when light
passes through water droplets in air

64
Q

Optical centre, O

A

Points at the centre of the lens

65
Q

Principle axis

A

Straight line through the optical centre of a lens and the centre of
curvature of both surfaces of the lens

66
Q

Axis of lens

A

Straight line through the optical centre and perpendicular to the principal
axis

67
Q

Focal point, F

A

Point located at the principle axis of a lens

68
Q

Object distance, u

A

Distance between object and optical centre of a lens

69
Q

Image distance, v

A

Distance between image and optical centre of a lens

70
Q

Focal length, f

A

Distance between focal point, F and optical centre, O of a lens

71
Q

Linear magnification, m

A

Ratio of image height to object height = ratio of image distance to object
distance

72
Q

Principal axis

A

Straight line passing through the centre of curvature, C and pole of the
spherical mirror, P

73
Q

Centre or curvature, C

A

Centre of sphere which produces a concave or convex mirror

74
Q

Radius of curvature of
mirror, r

A

Distance between the pole of spherical mirror,P and the centre of
curvature, C

75
Q

Focal point, F

A

A point on the principal axis of the spherical mirror

76
Q

Object distance, u

A

Distance between object and the pole of spherical mirror, P

77
Q

Image distance, v

A

Distance between image and the pole of spherical mirror, P

78
Q

Focal length, f

A

Distance between focal point, F and the pole of spherical mirror, P

Form 4 Physics (17 decks)

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