F4 Chapter 4: Periodic Table Of Elements

Question 1

What are the 5 characteristics of metal?

Answer 1

i. On the of periodic table
ii. Silvery solids
iii. Malleable
iv. Ductile
v. Good heat and electric conductors

Question 2

What are the 4 characteristics of semi-metals?

Answer 2

i. Known as metalloids
ii. Silvery solids
iii. Brittle
iv. Weak heat and electric conductors

Question 3

What are the 6 characteristics of non-metals?

Answer 3

i. On the right of periodic table
ii. Brittle
iii. Poor heat and electric conductors
iv. Consists of 12 solid, 1 liquid and 10 gas
elements

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Group 18 elements?

Answer 4

• Monoatomic (1 Atom)
• Unreactive because shells are fully occupied
• Insoluble in water
• Low density, increases as going down
• Do not conduct heat and electricity
• Low melting and boiling point
• Radius increases as going down
• Strong Van-der Wall forces

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Group 1 elements?

Answer 5

• Known as akali and soft metals
• Grey solid and has shiny surface
• Very reactive, increases as going down
• Electropositivity increases as going down
• Atomic size increases as going down
• Good conductor of heat and electric
• Low density, increases as going down
• Low melting and boiling point, decreases as
  going down

Question 6

What are the formulas when Group 1 elements react with Oxygen, Water and Chlorine?
X= Group 1 Elements

Answer 6

Oxygen: 4X+O•2 -> 2X•2O
Water: 2X+2H•2O -> 2XOH+H•2
Chlorine: 2X+Cl•2 -> 2XCl

•= Small number

Question 7

What are the characteristics of Group 17 elements?

Answer 7

• Solubility decreases as going down
• Very reactive, decreases as going down
• Size increases as going down
• Do not conduct heat or electricity
• Low density, increases as going down
• High electronegativity, decreases as going ⬇️
• Colour gets darker as going down
• Low melting and boiling point, increases as
  going down

Question 8

What are the formulas when group 17 elements react with Water, Sodium Hydroxide and Iron?
X= Group 17 Elements

Answer 8

Water: X•2+H•2O -> XH+HOX 
           XH+HOX= Hydro-ic + Hypo-mous
Na Hydroxide: X•2+NaOH -> NaX+NaOX+H•2O
                        NaOX= Sodium -ate(I)
Iron: 3X•2+2Fe -> 2FeX•3
        2FeX•3= Iron(III) -ide

Question 9

What are the characteristics of Period 3 elements?

Answer 9

• Consists of 2 basic, 1 amphoteric and 4
  acidic elements
• Proton and Valence Electron increase from
  left to right
• Atomic radius decrease from left to right
• Electronegativity increases from left to right
• Melting and Boiling Point increases until
  Silicon, then decreases starting from
  Phosphorus
• Electric conductivity increases until
  Aluminium, weak in Silicon, them does not
  Conduct starting from Phosphorus

Question 10

What are the metallic properties of Transition Elements?

Answer 10

• Hard, shiny surfaces
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Good heat and electric conductors
• High melting and boiling points
• High tensile strength

Question 11

What are the 4 special properties of Transition Elements?

Answer 11

i. Form coloured ions
ii. Form complex ions
iii. Form different oxidation numbers
iv. Used as catalysts in industries

Question 12

What relationship does the periodic table have with electron arrangements?

Answer 12

The group (Horizontal) determines the valence electron while the period (Vertical) determines the number of shells