F324 - Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
Why are carboxylic acids defined as weak acids?
They only partially dissociate in solution
Define an acid.
A proton donor
What is formed when a carboxylic acid is added to an alkali? Describe the change in the carboxylic acid.
A carboxylate salt is formed
H is removed from OH of COOH; structure is now COO-
Describe how an ester is formed.
React an alcohol and a carboxylic acid together in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst
Give the properties of a carboxylate salt.
Most are water soluble; they have a high boiling point/high melting point; conducts when in solution/molten; most are neutral
Name the products formed when butanoic acid reacts with hexanol.
Hexylbutanoate and water
What is required for acid hydrolysis?
Hot aqueous acid
What is required in base hydrolysis?
Hot aqueous alkali
Define a triglyceride.
Is an ester of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is the systematic name for glycerol?
Propane-1,2,3-triol
How are trans-fatty acids related to heart disease?
They increase the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke by increasing the levels of bad cholesterol. This leads to a buildup of cholesterol in the arteries.
What does biodiesel refer to?
Vegetable oil or animal fat based diesel fuel consisting of long chain alkyl esters
How might the melting points of the cis and trans isomers of a fatty acid differ?
In trans isomers there are more points of contact because they are closer together; more Van der Walls forces equals stronger interaction between the molecules so bonds are harder to break; therefore trans-isomers will have of higher melting point than the cis isomer
Give the systematic name for glycerol
Prop-1,2,3-triol
