F322 Hydrocarbons Flashcards
Define what is meant by the term Saturated Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with SINGLE BONDS ONLY
Define what is meant by the term Unsaturated Hydrocarbon.
A hydrocarbon containing at least one Carbon-Carbon DOUBLE BOND
Define what is meant by the term Aliphatic Hydrocarbon.
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.
Define what is meant by the term Alicyclic Hydrocarbon.
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a RING structure
Define what is meant by the term Functional Group
The part of an organic molecule/atom/group of atoms or C-C bond, responsible for its chemical properties.
Define what is meant by the term Homologous Series
An organic series with the same functional group but with each member differing by CH2
Define what is meant by the term Alkane
Cn H2n+2
A homologous series WITHOUT double bonds
Define what is meant by the term Alkene
Cb H2n
A homologous series with DOUBLE BONDS
Define what is meant by the term alkyl.
An ALKANE with a hydrogen atom REMOVED.
E.g. Ch3, C2H5 or C3H7
Define what is meant by the term Structural Isomerism
Molecules with the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula.
Define what is meant by the term Stereoisomers
Isomers with the same structural formula, but with different arrangements of atoms in space
Define what is meant by the term Heterolytic Fission
When a COVALENT BOND breaks, giving BOTH electrons to ONE atoms creating a ➕ and a ➖ ion.
Cl-Cl ➡️ Cl+ ➕ Cl-
Define what is meant by the term homilolyic fission.
When a COVALENT bond breaks giving an electron to EACH ATOM, creating 2 radicals.
Cl-Cl ➡️ 2Cl•
Define what is meant by the term radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Define what is meant by the term Nucleophile.
(NUCLEUS LOVING)
An electron pair DONOR
E.g. :OH-
