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Chemistry AS > F321 - Atoms and Reactions > Flashcards

F321 - Atoms and Reactions Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the charge and mass of a neutron?

A

Charge: 0 (neutral/no charge)
Mass: 1

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1
Q

What is the charge and mass of a proton?

A

Charge: +1
Mass: 1

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2
Q

What is the charge and mass of an electron?

A

Charge: -1
Mass: 1/2000th mass of a proton (negligible)

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3
Q

Where is the mass of an atom located?

A

In the nucleus

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4
Q

What is the overall charge on an atom? Explain why.

A

Neutral/no charge because there is an equal number of protons and electrons which are oppositely charged.

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5
Q

What does the atomic number for an element tell you?

A

The number of protons in an atom of that element. Therefore the size of the nuclear charge.

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6
Q

What does the mass number of an element tell you?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in one atom of an element.

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7
Q

How do you calculate the number of protons in an atom?

A

The atomic number

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8
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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9
Q

How do you calculate the number of electrons in an atom?

A

The atomic number

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10
Q

How do you calculate the number of electrons in a positive ion?

A

Atomic number - charge on ion

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11
Q

How do you calculate the number of electrons in a negative ion?

A

Atomic number + charge on ion

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12
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and therefore a different mass.

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13
Q

What is used as the standard measurement of relative masses?

A

Carbon-12

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14
Q

What is a relative isotopic mass?

A

The mass of an isotope of an atom of an element relative to an atom of carbon-12.

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15
Q

What is a relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted average mass of the atoms of an element taking into account the relative abundance of its naturally occurring isotopes, measured on a scale on which Carbon-12 is given a mass of exactly 12.

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16
Q

What is a relative molecular mass?

A

The mass of a molecule of a compound relative to an atom of carbon-12.

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17
Q

What is a relative formula mass?

A

The mass of one formula unit of a compound relative to an atom of carbon-12.

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18
Q

What does the term amount of substance refer to?

A

Moles of a substance

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19
Q

What is a mole?

A

The mass that has the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12. (The unit of amount of substance.)

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20
Q

What is Avogadro’s constant?

A

The number of particles per mole. Equal to 6.02 x 10^23

21
Q

What is a molar mass of a substance?

A

The mass per mole

22
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole-number ratio of the elements present in a compound.

23
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

Shows the total number of atoms present in a molecule of the compound.

24
Q

What is the formula for calculating moles of a solid?

A

moles = mass/Mr

25
Q

What is the formula for calculating the moles of a solution?

A

moles = concentration x volume

26
Q

What is the formula for calculating the moles of a gas?

A

moles = volume/24.0dm^3

27
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A solution with a comparatively high concentration (high number of particles of compound per volume of water).

28
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A solution with a comparatively low concentration (low number of particles of compound per volume of water).

29
Q

What do acids release in solution?

A

H+ ions

30
Q

What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

31
Q

What is the formula of sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

32
Q

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

33
Q

What are the common bases?

A

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia.

34
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base that releases an OH- ion in solution.

35
Q

What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

36
Q

What is the formula of potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

37
Q

What is the formula of aqueous ammonia?

A

NH3 + H2O –> NH4+ + OH-

38
Q

What is a salt?

A

A compound produced when the hydrogen ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion.

39
Q

What does the term anhydrous mean?

A

Without water of crystallisation.

40
Q

What does the term hydrated mean?

A

With water of crystallisation.

41
Q

What does the term water of crystallisation mean?

A

Water molecules incorporated into the crystal structure of a salt.

42
Q

What is a titration?

A

The measurement of the exact amount of one solution needed to react with a fixed amount of another solution.

43
Q

What is an oxidation number (oxidation state)?

A

Number assigned to the atoms of each element in an ion or compound.

44
Q

How are oxidation numbers assigned?

A

Calculated as the number of electrons that atoms lose, gain or share to form bonds. Uncombined elements are always zero. Equal to the charge on an ion for single ions. The most electronegative element has the negative state. The sum is equal to the overall charge on the compound.

45
Q

What does the term oxidation mean?

A

Loss of electrons. Increase in oxidation number.

46
Q

What does the term reduction mean?

A

Gain if electrons. Decrease in oxidation number.

47
Q

What does the term redox mean?

A

The simultaneous processes of oxidation and reduction taking place.

48
Q

What happens to metals in a redox reaction?

A

They are oxidised and therefore lose electrons forming positive ions.

49
Q

What happens to non-metals in a redox reaction?

A

They are reduced and therefore gain electrons forming negative ions.

Chemistry AS (7 decks)

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