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Bio F4 EoY > F3 Content > Flashcards

F3 Content Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

MRS GREN

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

what is movement

A

change in position or place

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3
Q

What is respiration

A

chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules and releases energy

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4
Q

anaerobic respiration word equation

A

glucose –> alcohol + CO2

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5
Q

aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen –> CO2 + water

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6
Q

What is sensitivity

A

ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

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7
Q

What is growth

A

permanent increase in size

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8
Q

What is reproduction

A

process that makes more of the same kind of organism
(asexual= 1 parent/ sexual= 2 parents)

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9
Q

What is excretion

A

removal of toxic or useless substances from the body
(CO2 from lungs/ urea, mineral salts and excess water through kidney/ oxygen from leaves)

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10
Q

What is nutrition

A

taking in materials for energy, growth and development
(animals= heterotrophic (ingest)/ plants= autotrophic (make))

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11
Q

cell membrane

A

regulates movement in and out of cells

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12
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place

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13
Q

DNA

A

cell’s genetic material

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14
Q

ribosomes

A

tiny structure inside cytoplasm where protein in made (protein synthesis)

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15
Q

enzymes

A

proteins which act as biological catalysts

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16
Q

unicellular

A

organisms with one cell

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17
Q

multicellular

A

organisms with many cells

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18
Q

Fungi (MRS GREN)

A
  • move
  • reproduce sexually and asexually
  • cells have nucleus
  • multicellular
  • respire through mitochondria/ cytoplasm
  • excrete passively
  • heterotrophic
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19
Q

Proctists (MRS GREN)

A
  • move
  • reproduce sexually and asexually
  • cells have nucleus
  • unicellular
  • respire through mitochondria/ cytoplasm
  • excrete passively (not specific organ)
  • autotroph and heterotroph
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20
Q

Animals (MRS GREN)

A
  • move
  • reproduce sexually
  • cells have nucleus
  • multicellular
  • respire through mitochondria/ cytoplasm
  • excrete passively and actively
  • heterotrophs
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21
Q

Prokaryote (MRS GREN)

A
  • move
  • reproduce sexually
  • cells don’t have nucleus
  • unicellular
  • respire through cytoplasm only
  • excrete passively
  • autotrophs and heterotrophs
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22
Q

Plant (MRS GREN)

A
  • move
  • reproduce asexually and sexually
  • cells have nucleus
  • multicellular
  • excrete passively
  • autotrophs
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23
Q

Viruses

A
  • protein coat surrounding the genetic material
  • not made of cells
  • don’t have cell membrane or cytoplasm
  • no MRS GREN
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24
Q

chloroplasts

A

contains chlorophyll (which absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy, glucose).

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25
Q

Vacuoles

A
  • helps cell stay rigid and substances can be stored in them
  • contains watery fluid called sap
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26
Q

cell wall

A
  • provides shape and support to the cell and prevents it from bursting
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27
Q

Bacterial Cell structures

A
  • cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • circular DNA (with genetic material)
  • plasmids (loops of DNA)
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28
Q

Root hair cell function

A
  • absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil
  • hair-like extension for larger surface area
29
Q

Palisade Mesophyll cell function

A
  • photosynthesis in leaves
  • many chlorophyll and large SA
30
Q

Ciliated epithelial cells function

A
  • moving mucus in trachea and bronchi of lungs
  • small hair-like extensions (cilia) to sweep
31
Q

neurone function

A
  • conducting electrical impulses around body
  • long axon to conduct to distant areas
32
Q

red blood cell function

A
  • transport of oxygen around the body through bloodstream
  • no nucleus= increased SA
  • biconcave disc= increased SA
33
Q

Egg cell function

A
  • sexual reproduction (female gamete)
  • cytoplasm has yolk (food source for zygote)
34
Q

Sperm cell function

A
  • sexual reproduction (male gamete)
  • long flagellum for it to travel
35
Q

levels of organisation

A
  • cells
  • tissue
  • organs
  • organ systems
  • organisms
  • population
  • community
  • ecosystem
  • biosphere
36
Q

formula for image size

A

image size= actual size * magnification

37
Q

formula for total magnification (microscope)

A

eyepiece lens magnification * objective lens magnification

38
Q

micrometer to milimeter

A

1Mm = 0.001mm

39
Q

Diffusion

A

net movement of particles from a region of a high concentration to a region of low concentration, down the concentration gradient, due to random movement of particles

40
Q

equilibrium

A

no net movement but particles still move randomly in both directions

41
Q

factors increasing rate of diffusion

A
  • high temp (high KE)
  • distance decreases
  • SA increases
  • concentration gradient increases
42
Q

Osmosis

A

net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane

43
Q

water potential

A

how freely water molecules can move
(conc. increases= w.p. decreases)

44
Q

water movement

A

hypotonic –> hypertonic

45
Q

equilibrium (water movement)

A

isotonic

46
Q

hypotonic

A

high water potential, low concentration

47
Q

hypertonic

A

low water potential, high concentration

48
Q

turgor pressure

A

water pressure acts against the inelastic cell wall

49
Q

high turgor pressure

A

turgid

50
Q

low turgor pressure

A

flaccid

51
Q

flaccid

A
  • cytoplasm and vacuole shrink
  • less stiff, can no longer support plant
  • plasmolysis= cytoplasm pulls away from cell wall
52
Q

water and animal cells

A

can burst (no cell wall)

53
Q

water and plant cells

A

swells, doesn’t burst (has cell wall)

54
Q

ative transport

A

movement of particles through a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, using energy released from respiration

55
Q

Carbohydrates composition

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

56
Q

different carbohydrates

A
  • starch: energy and nutrient storage
  • cellulose: structural support
  • glycogen: energy and nutrient storage
57
Q

Lipids composition

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

58
Q

Lipids

A

made fro fatty acids and glycerol

59
Q

protein composition

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

60
Q

proteins

A

amino acids

61
Q

Test for reducing sugar

A

Benedict’s solution

62
Q

Benedict’s solution results

A

negative= blue
positive= green, yellow, orange, red

63
Q

Test for starch

A

iodine

64
Q

Iodine test reults

A

negative= orange/ brown
positive= blue/ black

65
Q

Lipids test results

A

negative= no colour change
positive= white/ milky

66
Q

Test for proteins

A

Biuret

67
Q

Biuret test results

A

negative= blue
positive= violet/ lilac

68
Q

Vitamin C test

A

DCPIP

69
Q

DCPIP test results

A

negative= blue
positive= colourless

Bio F4 EoY (2 decks)

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