F212 - Diet & Food Production Flashcards
What causes malnutrition? (3)
- Not having enough food/ too little of every nutrient. (1)
- Malabsorption (body can’t absorb the nutrients from digestion into your bloodstream properly) (1)
- Having an unbalanced diet (1)
Define ‘a balanced diet.’ (1)
A diet that provides the right amount of all the nutrients needed to maintain health (1)
What happens when over nutrition happens? (1)
Obesity (1)
What is obesity? (1)
Where the body takes in more energy than it uses up (1)
What is Coronary Heart Disease? (2)
When the coronary arteries have a lot of atheromas (1) in then which restricts blood flow to the heart (1)
What is an atheroma? (1)
A fibrous plaque caused by the build up of white blood cells, lipids and other connective tissues (1)
What is atherosclerosis? (2)
The hardening of the arteries (1) due to the formation of atheromas in the arterial wall (1)
What’s the difference between HDLs and LDLs? (4)
High density lipoproteins contain more proteins than lipid (1) and low density lipoproteins contain more lipids than proteins (1)
HDLs transport cholesterol from the body tissues to the liver (1)
Whereas LDLs transport cholesterol from the liver to the blood (1)
Links between diet and coronary heart disease…
- salt increases blood pressure which damages arterial wall which causes the build up of atheromas which causes atherosclerosis.
- a diet high in saturated fats increases LDLs so cholesterol in the body is increased so there’s build up of fatty deposits around the artery walls where they’ve been damaged.
What do humans rely on for food and why? (2)
Plants (1) as they’re the start of all food chains (1)
What are fertilisers and how do they increase food production? (2)
They’re chemicals that increase crop yield (1) and they provide minerals so a lack of minerals can’t limit the growth of plants (1)
What are pesticides and how do they increase food production? (2)
They’re chemicals that increase crop yield (1) by killing pests that feed on crops so fewer crops are destroyed (1)
Advantages and disadvantages of using antibiotics on animals? (4)
AD - they eliminate the need for animals to waste energy fighting disease so they can put energy into growth. (1)
AD - bacterial disease is less likely to pass onto humans (1)
DIS - increases chances of bacteria becoming resistant. (1)
DIS - ‘good’ bacteria can be killed (1)
Outline the stages of selective breeding (3)
Select plants/animals with the best characteristics and breed them together (1) Select offspring with best characteristics and breed them together (1) Continue this over several generations until a high yielding plant/animal is produced (1)
Advantages and disadvantages of using microorganisms to produce food? (6)
AD - they’re produced rapidly under the right conditions so food is produced quickly (1)
AD - can be grown anywhere and anytime of the year (1)
AD - optimum conditions are easy to to create (1)
AD - some food made by microorganisms last longer than the raw materials they were made from (1)
DIS - high risk of food contaminations since conditions can cause food to spoil (1)
DIS - small change in temperature or pH kills the microorganisms (1)
