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Biology AS > F211 2.2 - Transport in Animals > Flashcards

F211 2.2 - Transport in Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Affinity for oxygen

A

Tendency a molecule has to bind to oxygen

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2
Q

Aorta

A

Major blood vessel leaving the left ventricle and taking oxygenated blood to the body

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3
Q

Arteries

A

Major vessels carrying blood away from the heart

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4
Q

Atrioventricular node (AVN)

A

A group of cells in the heart wall that are responsible for passing waves of electrical activity from the SAN on to the bundle of His

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5
Q

Atrioventricular valve (AV)

A

A valve in the heart between the atria and the ventricles that prevent backflow of blood.

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6
Q

Atrium

A

Upper chamber in the heart

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7
Q

Bohr effect

A

An effect by which an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood results in a reduction of haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen

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8
Q

Bundle of His

A

A group of muscle fibres in the heart, responsible for conducting waves of electrical activity from the AVN to the Purkyne tissue

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9
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

The sequence of events making up one heartbeat.

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Muscle found in heart. It has its own intrinsic beat.

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11
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where the blood vessel is enclosed inside the blood vessels

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12
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle.

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13
Q

Diastole

A

Part of the cardiac cycle where heart muscle is relaxed

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14
Q

Double circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body

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15
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

A

Trace (graph) showing the electrical activity of the heart muscle (atria dn ventricles) during a cycle

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16
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

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17
Q

Haemoglobin

A

The protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.

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18
Q

Leucocytes

A

White blood cells

19
Q

Lymph

A

Excess tissue fluid that has drained into the lymph vessels

20
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic system

21
Q

Myogenic

A

Describes muscle tissue (heart muscle)

22
Q

Myoglobin

A

A respiratory pigment (protein) with a higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin

23
Q

Open circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where the blood isn’t enclosed in blood vessels all the time – it flows freely through the body cavity

24
Q

Oxygen dissociation curve

A

A curve on a graph that shows how saturated with oxygen haemoglobin is at any given partial pressure

25
Q

Oxygenated

A

Blood carrying oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

26
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

Haemoglobin with oxygen molecules attached

27
Q

Partial pressure

A

The proportion of total pressure provided by a particular gas as a part of a mixture of gases

28
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Proteins made in the liver that are a component of blood plasma

29
Q

Platelets

A

Fragments of cells in the blood that play a part in blood clotting

30
Q

Pressure filtration

A

The process by which substances move out of capillaries at the arterial end of a capillary bed

31
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Circulation of blood through the lungs

32
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Leaves the right ventricle carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs

33
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

The vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

34
Q

Purkyne tissue

A

Specialised tissue in the septum of the heart that carry waves of electrical activity into the muscular walls of the right and left ventricles

35
Q

Semi-lunar valve

A

A valve in the heart between the ventricles and the aorta and pulmonary artery, which prevent backflow of blood

36
Q

Septum

A

The wall separating the ventricles of the heart

37
Q

Single circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where blood only passes through the heart once for each complete circuit of the body

38
Q

Sino-atrial node (SAN)

A

A group of cells in the wall of the right atrium that initiates the heartbeat by sending regular waves of electrical activity over the atrial walls

39
Q

Surface area: volume ratio

A

An organism’s or structure’s surface area in relation to its volume

40
Q

Systole

A

The stage of the heart cycle in which heart muscle contracts to pump blood.

41
Q

Tissue fluid

A

Fluid, derived from blood plasma, that surrounds the cells in a tissue

42
Q

Vena cava

A

Large veins that carry deoxygenated blood back from the body to the heart

43
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers of the heart

Biology AS (12 decks)

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