F2. CHROMATOGRAPHY

Question 1

• separate and identify the components of a mixture
• allows the molecules present in the mixture to distribute themselves bet. a stationary & mobile medium
• separates components within a mixture by using
  the differential affinities of the components for a mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through which they pass

Molecules that spend most of their time in the mobile phase are carried along ____.

Answer 1

CHROMATOGRAPHY

faster

Question 2

showing a difference, distinctive

Answer 2

Differential

Question 3

natural attraction or force between things

Answer 3

Affinity

Question 4

gas or liquid that carries the components

Answer 4

Mobile Medium/ Mobile Phase

Question 5

the part of the apparatus that does not move with the sample

Answer 5

Stationary Medium/ Stationary Phase

Question 6

• examine a mixture & its components
• examine their relations to one another

Answer 6

Analyze

Question 7

• determine the identity of a mixture or a components based on known components.

Answer 7

Identify

Question 8

• separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study

Answer 8

Purify

Question 9

• determine the amount of the mixture
• determine the components present

Answer 9

Quantify

Question 10

• measure the distance the pigments traveled up and the distance the water traveled
• distance moved by the substance over distance moved by the solvent front

1. For substances that are very soluble in the liquid Rf will be close to ____.
2. For substances that are rather insoluble in the liquid Rf will be close to ____.

Answer 10

RF - Retardation Factor

1. one
2. zero

Question 11

Separates dried liquid samples with a liquid solvent (mobile phase) and a paper strip (stationary phase)

principle of this type of chromatography?

Answer 11

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

1. capillary action
2. solubility

Question 12

• movement of liquid within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension
• The liquid is able to move up the filter paper because its attraction to itself is stronger than the force of gravity

Answer 12

Capillary Action

Question 13

• degree to which a material (solute) dissolves into a solvent
• allows different solutes to be separated by different combinations of solvents

Separation of components depends on both?

Answer 13

Solubility

1. solubility in their mobile phase
2. differential affinity to the mobile phase & stationary phase

Question 14

• uses an absorbent material on flat glass or plastic plates.
• used to detect pesticide or insecticide residues in food
• Most samples are not colored and need to be visualized with a UV lamp.
• used in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers

Answer 14

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

Question 15

• used in airports to detect bombs and is used in forensics in many different ways.
• used to analyze fibers on a persons body and also analyze blood found at a crime scene.

used to move a gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material.

Answer 15

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

Helium

Question 16

one of the most important factors in the solubility of gases in the liquid phases

Answer 16

volatility of the liquid from
which the component vapor drives

Question 17

will spend less time dissolved in the liquid phase

Answer 17

Gases from low boiling liquids

Question 18

will spend more time in solution with the liquid phase

Answer 18

Gases from less volatile liquids

Question 19

The ____ time a gas spends dissolved in the liquid phases, the ____ time it spends flying along with the carrier gas. Thus it moves through the stationary phase ____ quickly.

Answer 19

1. less
2. more
3. more

Question 20

• used in the world to test water samples to look for pollution in lakes and rivers.
• used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions.

uses liquids which may incorporate ____ molecules.

Answer 20

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

insoluble

Question 21

4 basic liquid chromatography modes:
[named according to the mechanism involved]

Answer 21

1. Liquid/Solid Chromatography
2. Liquid/Liquid Chromatography
3. Ion Exchange Chromatography
4. Gel Permeation Chromatography

Question 22

also known as absorption chromatography

further classified into?

Answer 22

liquid/solid chromatography

1. normal phase lsc
2. reverse phase lsc

Question 23

also known as partition chromatography

further classified into?

Answer 23

liquid/liquid chromatography

1. normal phase llc
2. reverse phase llc

Question 24

also known as exclusion chromatography

Answer 24

gel permeation chromatography

Question 25

based on the **competition of the components of the mixture sample** for the ***active sites on an absorbent*** such as Silica Gel.

Answer 25

LSC/ absorption chromatography

Question 26

- **stationary solid surface is coated with a 2nd liquid** (the Stationary Phase) which is **immiscible in the solvent** (Mobile phase). ## Footnote Partitioning of the sample between 2 phases ________ some components more than others to effect separation.

Answer 26

LLC/ partion chromatography ## Footnote delays or retains

Question 27

based on the **competition of different ionic compounds** of the sample for the ***active sites on the ion-exchange resin (column-packing)***.

Answer 27

ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

Question 28

a **mechanical sorting of molecules based** on the size of the molecules in solution ## Footnote - able to permeate more pores - retained longer than large molecules

Answer 28

GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY/ exclusion chromatography ## Footnote Small molecules

Question 29

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY is also known as?

Answer 29

HPLC - high pressure liquid chromatography

Question 30

- **form of column chromatography** - used frequently in biochemistry and analytical chemistry to **separate, identify, and quantify compounds** ## Footnote it utilizes a (3)?

Answer 30

HPLC ## Footnote 1. column 2. pump 3. detector

Question 31

1. holds chromatographic packing material (stationary phase); 2. moves the mobile phase(s) through the column; and 3. shows the **retention times** of the molecules

Answer 31

1. column 2. pump 3. detector

Question 32

depends on the **interactions** bet. the **stationary phase, molecules being analyzed, and the solvent(s) used.**

Answer 32

retention time

Question 33

- polar stationary phase - non-polar mobile phase - works effectively for relatively polar analytes

Answer 33

Normal Phase Chromatography

Question 34

- non-polar stationary phase - aqeous, moderately polar mobile phase

Answer 34

Reversed Phase Chromatography