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ANCH 111 > F2. CHROMATOGRAPHY > Flashcards

F2. CHROMATOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q
  • separate and identify the components of a mixture
  • allows the molecules present in the mixture to distribute themselves bet. a stationary & mobile medium
  • separates components within a mixture by using
    the differential affinities of the components     for a mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through which they pass

Molecules that spend most of their time in the mobile phase are carried along ____.

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

faster

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2
Q

showing a difference, distinctive

A

Differential

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3
Q

natural attraction or force between things

A

Affinity

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4
Q

gas or liquid that carries the components

A

Mobile Medium/ Mobile Phase

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5
Q

the part of the apparatus that does not move with the sample

A

Stationary Medium/ Stationary Phase

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6
Q
  • examine a mixture & its components
  • examine their relations to one another
A

Analyze

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7
Q
  • determine the identity of a mixture or a components based on known components.
A

Identify

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8
Q
  • separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study
A

Purify

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9
Q
  • determine the amount of the mixture
  • determine the components present
A

Quantify

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10
Q
  • measure the distance the pigments traveled up and the distance the water traveled
  • distance moved by the substance over distance moved by the solvent front

  1. For substances that are very soluble in the liquid Rf will be close to ____.
  2. For substances that are rather insoluble in the liquid Rf will be close to ____.
A

RF - Retardation Factor

  1. one
  2. zero
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11
Q

Separates dried liquid samples with a liquid solvent (mobile phase) and a paper strip (stationary phase)

principle of this type of chromatography?

A

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

  1. capillary action
  2. solubility
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12
Q
  • movement of liquid within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension
  • The liquid is able to move up the filter paper because its attraction to itself is stronger than the force of gravity
A

Capillary Action

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13
Q
  • degree to which a material (solute) dissolves into a solvent
  • allows different solutes to be separated by different combinations of solvents

Separation of components depends on both?

A

Solubility

  1. solubility in their mobile phase
  2. differential affinity to the mobile phase & stationary phase
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14
Q
  • uses an absorbent material on flat glass or plastic plates.
  • used to detect pesticide or insecticide residues in food
  • Most samples are not colored and need to be visualized with a UV lamp.
  • used in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers
A

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

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15
Q
  • used in airports to detect bombs and is used in forensics in many different ways.
  • used to analyze fibers on a persons body and also analyze blood found at a crime scene.

used to move a gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material.

A

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

Helium

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16
Q

one of the most important factors in the solubility of gases in the liquid phases

A

volatility of the liquid from
which the component vapor drives

17
Q

will spend less time dissolved in the liquid phase

A

Gases from low boiling liquids

18
Q

will spend more time in solution with the liquid phase

A

Gases from less volatile liquids

19
Q

The ____ time a gas spends dissolved in the liquid phases, the ____ time it spends flying along with the carrier gas. Thus it moves through the stationary phase ____ quickly.

A
  1. less
  2. more
  3. more
20
Q
  • used in the world to test water samples to look for pollution in lakes and rivers.
  • used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions.

uses liquids which may incorporate ____ molecules.

A

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

insoluble

21
Q

4 basic liquid chromatography modes:
[named according to the mechanism involved]

A
  1. Liquid/Solid Chromatography
  2. Liquid/Liquid Chromatography
  3. Ion Exchange Chromatography
  4. Gel Permeation Chromatography
22
Q

also known as absorption chromatography

further classified into?

A

liquid/solid chromatography

  1. normal phase lsc
  2. reverse phase lsc
23
Q

also known as partition chromatography

further classified into?

A

liquid/liquid chromatography

  1. normal phase llc
  2. reverse phase llc
24
Q

also known as exclusion chromatography

A

gel permeation chromatography

25
Q

based on the competition of the components of the mixture sample for the active sites on an absorbent such as Silica Gel.

A

LSC/ absorption chromatography

26
Q
  • stationary solid surface is coated with a 2nd liquid (the Stationary Phase) which is immiscible in the solvent (Mobile phase).

Partitioning of the sample between 2 phases ________ some components more than others to effect separation.

A

LLC/ partion chromatography

delays or retains

27
Q

based on the competition of different ionic compounds of the sample for the active sites on the ion-exchange resin (column-packing).

A

ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

28
Q

a mechanical sorting of molecules based on the size of the molecules in solution

  • able to permeate more pores
  • retained longer than large molecules
A

GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY/ exclusion chromatography

Small molecules

29
Q

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY is also known as?

A

HPLC - high pressure liquid chromatography

30
Q
  • form of column chromatography
  • used frequently in biochemistry and analytical chemistry to separate, identify, and quantify compounds

it utilizes a (3)?

A

HPLC

  1. column
  2. pump
  3. detector
31
Q
  1. holds chromatographic packing material (stationary phase);
  2. moves the mobile phase(s) through the column; and
  3. shows the retention times of the molecules
A
  1. column
  2. pump
  3. detector
32
Q

depends on the interactions bet. the stationary phase, molecules being analyzed, and the solvent(s) used.

A

retention time

33
Q
  • polar stationary phase
  • non-polar mobile phase
  • works effectively for relatively polar analytes
A

Normal Phase Chromatography

34
Q
  • non-polar stationary phase
  • aqeous, moderately polar mobile phase
A

Reversed Phase Chromatography

ANCH 111 (3 decks)

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