F2 Flashcards
ELICITERING:
UT I VERKLIGHETEN!
You cannot sit in your office and produce requirements based on intuition and logic.
• You have to discover the nontrivial requirements from users and other stakeholders.”
Barriers
Cannot express what they need Cannot explain what they do and why May ask for specific solutions
Lack of imagination - new ways Lack of imagination - consequences
things to elicit
Present work, Present problems Goals and critical issues
Future system ideas
Realistic possibilities
INTERVIEWING
• Aim is to get an in-depth
understanding of the organization’s objectives, users’ requirements and people’s roles
Ostrukturerad intervju
– Ingen förberedd lista med frågor
– Enkel att göra
– Följer intressentens agenda, vilket är viktigast
– Lätt att hamna utanför ämnet
– Svårt att analysera insamlad information
Strukturerad intervju
– Förberedd lista med frågor – Kräver att man har relevanta frågor från början – Systematiskt – Konstant för alla intressenter – Lättare att analysera – Tvingar intressenten att följa ramar • Lätt att missa info
INTERVIEWS STEPS
– Selecting Interviewees – Designing Interview Questions • Closed, open and probing questions – Preparing for the Interview – Conducting the Interview – Post-Interview Follow-up
3 types of questions
close ended open ended probing questions
TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP QUESTIONING STRATEGIES
TD very general - very specific
BU very specific - very general
PREPARING FOR THE INTERVIEW
Prepare general interview plan
– List of question
– Anticipated answers and follow-ups
Confirm areas of knowledge
Set priorities in case of time shortage Prepare the interviewee
– Schedule
– Inform of reason for interview – Inform of areas of discussion – (letter of consent)
CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW
- Appearprofessionalandunbiased
- Recordallinformation
- Check on organizational policy regarding tape recording
- Besure you understandall issues and terms
- Separate facts from opinions
- Give interviewee time to ask questions
- Besure to thankt he interviewee
- Endontime
POST-INTERVIEW FOLLOW-UP
• Prepare interview notes
– Transcribe the interview if you have recorded it on tape
• Prepare interview report
• Have interviewee review and confirm interview report
• Look for gaps and new questions
Focus groups
- Several stakeholder groups
- Brainstorm - bad experience
- Brainstorm - wishes & ideal future • Each group selects top ten issues • A few days later: Decide.
- Each group must get something
Prototyping
– Intressenters kommentar på systemprototyp
– Kräver en prototypmiljö
– Användargränssnitt
– Bra att fånga ”självklara” saker
– Kräver resurser för utveckling
– Kan misstas för det slutgiltiga systemet
OBSERVATIONS
• Aim is to see what really happens, not what people say happens
• Includes:
– seeing how people carry out processes
– seeing what happens to documents
– obtaining quantitative data as baseline for improvements provided by new system
– following a process through end-to-end
• Can be open-ended or based on a schedule
