F-W Flashcards
false analogy
two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection between them; assuming without sufficient proof that if objects or processes are similar in some ways, then they are similar in other ways as well
false dilemma
reducing an argument or issue to two polar opposite and ignoring any alternatives
generalization
basing a claim upon an isolated example or asserting that a claim is certain rather than probable; asserting that a claim applies to all instances instead of only to some
incongruity
The state of being out of place, unexpected, and/or unusual
induction
reasoning by which a general statement is reached on the basis of particular examples
invective
and emotionally violent denunciation or attack using strong abusive language
inversion
the reversal of the normal Word order in a sentence or phrase
juxtaposition
Device in which normally on associated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another creating an effect of surprise and wit
local color
Device which tends to play special emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect and landscape
logos
logical appeal, appeal to reason
loose sentence
One in which the main clause comes first, followed by further dependent grammatical units
narration
One of the four traditional forms of discourse; tells about a series of events
non sequitir
literally “it does not follow”; using irrelevant proof to buttress a claim
oversimplification
obscuring or denying the complexity of the issues in an argument
oxymoron
a figure that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief raise such as jumbo shrimp or bittersweet
paradox
a statement that appears self-contradictory, but yet reveals a kind of truth.
parody
work that makes fun of another work by imitating some aspect of the wirter’s style
pathetic fallacy
A faulty type of personification in which in animate aspects of nature, such as the landscape or the weather, are in effectively represented as having human qualities or feelings
pathos
emotional appeal
pedantic
and adjective that describes words, phrases or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish
persuasion
The use of facts and feelings to draw one’s audience to into beliefs and actions
polemic
hostile, and aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority or one opinion over all others
polysyndeton
syntax using multiple conjunction’s, usually without commas, to represent items in a series
post hoc, ergo propter
hoc
mistakenly inferring that because one event follows another they have a casual relation
