(F) Oral reports Flashcards by Nathalie Grace Castillo

Determines concentration of solute in solution based on the potential of electrochemical cells
(without drawing current); static conditions preserve analyte composition

Potentionmetry

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Device that generates electricity from the
chemical reactions occurring in it

Electrochemical Cell

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Detects specific ions or molecules in a
solution

Indicator Electrode

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Measure of how much voltage exists between
2 half-cells

Cell Potential

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Reference point for the potential difference
between the indicator electrode and solution

Reference Electrode

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Site where oxidation occurs (electrons are lost
to the solution

Anode

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Site where reduction occurs (electrons are
gained from the solution)

Cathode

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Maintains electrical neutrality between
half-cells

Salt Bridge

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T or F : the stronger the oxidizing agent, the more electrons it can accept

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T or F: The weaker the reducing agent, the more electrons it can give away

F (the stronger)

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Site of gaining electrons

Cathode

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site of losing lectrons

anode

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T or F : electrons flow from negatively charged going to positively charged)

True anode to cathode

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this component of potentiometry prevents charge buildup, neutralizing both slutions and allows for a voltage to exist

salt bridge

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studies absorption, emission, and scattering of EM radiation by particles in solid, liquid, or gas
form

Spectroscopy

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measures radiation (via wavelengths) absorbed and transmitted by a sample (in
comparison to a reference/blank sample) to quantify its chemical properties

UV-Vis Spectroscopy

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Lies between visible light and X-rays along the EM spectrum and can be seen and distinguished by the naked eye

Visible Light

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wavelengths of visible light

400-700 nanometers

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frequencies of visible light

400 THz to 800 THz

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light sources : - first source, loud noise,
intensity decreases overtime

Deuterium Lamp

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light sources : - second source, very
stable, has low noise and drift

Tungsten-Halogen Lamp

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light sources : high-intensity, produces
more noise, less stable

Xenon Lamp (alt.)

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Sample used for UV examination

quartz

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sample that absorbs uv light

plastic

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Detectors : amplifies ejected electrons to generate larger currents

photomultiplier

Detectors: allows electrons to flow through the semiconductor when exposed to light

photodiode detector

Provides energy to change the electronic state of a sample when it absorbs or emits EM radiation

Light Sources

Light sources:- provides useful energy in the visible region of the EM spectrum

Deuterium Arc Lamp

Light sources: yields good intensity over the UV spectrum

Tungsten Lamp

Separates wavelengths of light into a marrow (single-beam) which consists of the entrance and exit slits

Monochromator

Separates incoming beams into 2 cuvettes or cells

Beam splitter

a solvent / blank solution

reference cuvette

contains the solution or solid being analyzed

sample cuvette

Transforms a light signal into an electrical signal; should have linear response with high sensitivity and low noise 2 common types used are: - Photodiodes - Photomultiplier tubes

Detector

Can be presented using a graph of Absorbance, Optical Density, or Transmittance (as a function of the wavelength)

Data Processing/Analysis

: Investigative process that utilizes fluorescence properties of samples for quantitative measurements of chemical properties

Fluorescence spectroscopy

absorb light energy of a specific wavelength and re-emit it at a longer wavelengths

Fluorochromes/fluorophores

T or F: Fluorochromes will not fluoresce if they are illuminated with a light of corresponding wavelength (depends on the absorbance spectrum); ensure that enough energy is delivered to elevate the electrons into an excited state

F (they will only fluoresce if the given criteria are met)

Light wavelengths OVER the UV and visible range can provide the excitation energy

Light Source

Contains the experimentally needed chromatic light (with a wavelength range of 10 nm) - Prisms - Diffraction gratings

monochromators

used in addition to monochromators to purify the light

optical filters

standard detector

InGAas array

Lab technique that divides DNA, RNA, or protein combinations based on their molecular size most difficult and expensive also - sabi ni mam

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Carried out under constant voltage, current, or power (migration rate should be constant

Power Supply

Establishes an electrical charge on the system’s solute and pH

buffers

Ca be in the form of slabs, sheets, and colums made out of starch, polyacrylamide, agarose, ad cellulose acetate membrane acting as a molecular sieve separating the molecules

support media

T or F : Support media is in a crystalline form with more than 90% water

False it should be colloid

Separates biomolecules based on molecular size and surface charge

Starch Gel and DNA Ladder

its a solution of DNA of different lengths used as a reference to estimate the size of unknown DNA molecules separated based on their mobility in the electrical field

DNA Ladder

Prepared by treating acetic anhydride with cellulose - Must be soaked in the buffer to get the softened form and cleaned afterwards

Cellulose Acetate

Allows DNA molecules to travel within it, the ends of the gel containing holes where DNA is placed`

agarose

Accommodates large volumes of protein in a single shot

Polyacrylamide

T or F : separation is based on molecular weight and mass to charge ratio

True

There is diffusion of large proteins

False as pore sizes are smaller

A plastic box or tank filled with a buffer for biomolecule migration

Electrophoresis Chamber

Used to stain and destain gels - Open-form and lidded boxes are available

gel containers

T or F : it has 2 copper electrodes facilitating molecule separation by attracting opposite charges

False platinum

T or F : anode binds to negative ions while cathode binds to positive ions

F (baliktad)

Greek meaning below

INFRA

What does INFRARED mean?

below red

latin for image

sPECTRA

means observation

skopia

the analysis of infrared light interacting with a molecule through measuring absorption, emission, and reflection

infrared spectroscopy eYYYYY REPORT NAMIN YAN

Instrumentation: Measures the difference between the amount of IR of a particular wavelength generated by the lamp and the amount that reaches the detector

non dispersive

Examines IR radiation absorbed by the sample - Separated using a prism or grating - Detectors are used to measure light strength - Is labor-intensive

Dispersive

Analyzes the wavelengths or frequencies of radiation absorbed by a sample

Fourier Transform

T or F : In fourier transform, the mechanism of the moving mirror must be precise

the x-axis

wavenumber

y-axis

transmittance

lowest part of the wave

trough

(Rightmost side of the graph where fluctuations are observed, unique for every element

fingerprint region