F&H- Topic 4 Demography

Question 1

BIRTHS- Reasons fo

Question 2

BIRTHS- Impact of declining birth rate

Answer 2

The dependency ratio increases - the relationship between the size of the working population and the non-working (dependent) population.

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The working population’s earnings support the dependent population through tax.

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Women are having fewer children because this reduces the ‘burden of dependency’.

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Public services - fewer schools, child health services etc.

Question 3

DEATHS- Reasons for a decline in death rate

Answer 3

Improved nutrition

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Medical improvements (vaccinations, antibiotics, NHS)

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Public health improvements (better housing, clean water, clean air)

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Social change (decline in manual labour, greater knowledge of disease)

Question 4

AGEING POPULATION- Reasons for ageing population

Answer 4

The average age in the UK is increasing because of:

Increased life expectancy
Low infant mortality rate
Declining fertility

Question 5

AGEING POPULATION- IMPACT OF AN AGEING POPULATION

Answer 5

Increased strain on public services
More one-person households
The rising dependency ratio
Ageism
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Question 6

AGEING POPULATION- Phillipson (MARXIST)

Answer 6

The old are of no use to capitalism because they are no longer productive and an economically dependent group, adding to the dependency ratio.

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Question 7

AGEING POPULATION- Hunt (POSTMODERNIST)

Answer 7

We can choose our identity no matter what our age is: our age no longer determines who we are. As a result of this, the elderly become a market for body maintenance and rejuvenation services and goods, such as cosmetic surgery, gym membership and anti-ageing products.

Question 8

MIGRATION- Immigration

Answer 8

Movement into a society

Question 9

MIGRATION- Emigration

Answer 9

Movement put of a society

Question 10

MIGRATION- Reasons for migration

Answer 10

Push factors - unemployment and economic recession

Pull factors - higher wages and better opportunities