Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medsurg2-- test 3 > f&e > Flashcards

f&e Flashcards

1
Q

potassium level

A

3.5-5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sodium level

A

135-145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chloride level

A

96-106

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

calcium level

A

8.6-10.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

phosphate level

A

3.0-4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

relationship b/t phosphate and calcium

A

inverse relationship;

if phos goes up, ca will go down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

serem osmo range

A

285-295 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

high serum osmo means what

A

water deficit (concentrated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

low serum osmo means what

A

water excess (diluted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

urine osmo range

A

500-800 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does urine osmolality tell us?

A

the concentrating ability of the kidneys and if there is a problem with ADH;
it is more accurate than specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

urine specific gravity range

A

1.003-1.030

measures kidneys ability to concentrate urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first spacing

A

normal shift of fluid in ICF and ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

second spacing

A

abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid

edema
* *reversible w/ albumin, ted hose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

third spacing

A

fluid accumulation in part of body where it is not easily exchanged with ECF and fluid is trapped

(ascites)
* *irreversible, requires evacuation (i.e. thoracentesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

example of hypertonic fluid

A

3% NS; D10W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

example of hypotonic fluid

A

1/2 NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

K+ imbalances cause?

A

cardiac problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Na imbalances cause?

A

neuro problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

function of chloride?

A

buffer acid-base imbalances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BUN range

A

6-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

creatinine range

A

0.6-1.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causes of fluid volume excess

A

too much intake (hypertonic fluids)
renal failure
heart failure
liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fluid volume excess–Labs

A

↓ Na and osmolality
↓ SG
↓ HCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

causes of fluid volume deficit

A 
little intake
diabetes 
burns
diuretics
hemorrhage
3rd spacing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how does the body compensate during fluid volume deficit?

A

↑thirst, release ADH, ↑ aldosterone (to ↓ urine output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

fluid volume deficit–Labs

A

↑ Na and osmolality

↑ SG, albumin, HCT, BUN

28
Q

risk of fluid excess

A

impaired gas exchange, pulmonary edema

29
Q

risk of deficit

A

↓ tissue perfusion
↓ cardiac output
hypovolemic shock

30
Q

sodium/potassium relationship

A

inverse

31
Q

hypervolemic hyponatremia cause?

A

CHF, renal failure

32
Q

hypovolemic hyponatremia causes?

A

GI loss, 3rd spacing, diuretics, Addison’s Disease

33
Q

euvolemic hyponatremia causes?

A

SIADH, thiazide diretics, hypothyroid, psychogenic polydipsia

34
Q

hyponatremia causes cells to do what?

A

swell

35
Q

symptoms of hyponatremia

A

NEURO!

headache, confusion, seizures, coma

36
Q

treatment of hyponatremia

A
  • add sodium to diet
  • 3% NS (watch for fluid overload= crackles, edema)
  • Mannitol (if from fluid excess b/c excretes water not Na)
37
Q

treat hyponatremia if caused by SIADH

A

Lithium or Declomycin

38
Q

most common cause of hyperkalemia

A

kidney failure

39
Q

EKG change with hyperkalemia

A
  • wide QRS
  • prolonged PR
  • no P wave
  • peaked, narrow T wave
40
Q

treatment of hyperkalemia

A
  • Kayexalate
  • Glucose and insulin IV
  • loop/Thiazide diuretics
  • calcium gluconate
  • dialysis if severe
41
Q

hyperkalemia s/s

A 
M- muscle weakness
U- urine, oliguria 
R- resp distress
D- decreased cardiac contractility 
E- EKG changes 
R- reflexes (hyper or areflexia)
42
Q

EKG change w/ hypokalemia

A
  • peaked P
  • prolonged QRS
  • flattened T
  • U wave
43
Q

hypokalemia symptoms

A
  • dysrhythmias
  • weakness
  • paralytic ileus, constipation
  • low BP
  • dig toxicity
44
Q

hypokalemia does what to cells

A

decrease excitability; make less responsive to stimuli

45
Q

hyperkalemia does what to cells

A 
increased excitability (takes less stimuli) 
may have spontaneous discharge of action potential
46
Q

why give magnesium for hypokalemia?

A

if mag is low, body releases aldosterone causing you to excrete H2O and K

47
Q

rules of giving potassium

A
  • always dilute, never IV push
  • cardiac monitor if >20 mEq/hr
  • never more than 40 mEq/L of maintenance fluids
48
Q

ionized calcium range

A

4.65-5.28

49
Q

what is ionized calcium?

A

free, not bound to albumin

physiological active

50
Q

calcitonin does what? secreted by what?

A

inhibits PTH which inhibits bone breakdown

secreted by thyroid

51
Q

what does PTH do?

A

casuses ↑ calcium by releasing it from bones (osteoclasts), ↑ Vit D activation, and ↓ kidney excretion of Ca

52
Q

hypercalcemia does what to cells?

A 
slows cells! 
• depressed reflexes
• muscle weakness, fractures 
• constipation 
• faster clotting times (↑ risk of DVT)
53
Q

hypercalcemia treatment

A
  • excrete Ca in urine w/ isotonic fluids or loop diuretics (i.e. Lasix)
  • weight-bearing activity
  • biophosphonates (for malignancies, inhibit osteoclasts)
  • no antacids
  • dialysis/ cardiac monitoring
54
Q

acidosis does what to calcium level

A

albumin loses grip for calcium causing hypercalcemia of IONIZED calcium

55
Q

alkalosis does what to calcium level

A

albumin increases grip for calcium causing hypocalcemia of IONIZED calcium (total calcium will look fine)

56
Q

hypocalcemia does what to cells?

A 
excited cells! 
•  Trousseau's sign
•  Chvosek's sign
•  leg/foot cramps 
•  abd cramps/diarrhea
57
Q

hypocalcemia causes

A
  • removal of parathyroid
  • multiple blood transfusions
  • decreased Vit D intake
  • malabsorption syndromes
  • renal failure
  • increased phosphorus
58
Q

symptoms of hyperphosphatemia

A

sx from hypocalcemia (tetany, neuromuscular irritability) and calcium deposits

59
Q

symptoms of hypophosphatemia

A

CNS depression, confusion, muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, fractures

60
Q

cause of hyperphosphatemia

A

renal failure

tumor lysis syndrome

61
Q

cause of hypophosphatemia

A

malnutrition, alcohol abuse, too many antacids

62
Q

normal magnesium level

A

1.3-2.1

63
Q

magnesium abnormalities affect?

A

cardiac and neuromuscular function

64
Q

s/s of hypermag

A

loss of DTRs, n/v, lethargy, cardiac/resp arrest

65
Q

s/s of hypomag

A

hyperactive DTRs, dysrhythmias, confusion, tremors, seizures

66
Q

Kayexalate

A

binds to K to remove it; decreased effectiveness w/ antacids

medsurg2-- test 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions