Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

medsurg2-- test 3 > f&e > Flashcards

f&e Flashcards

1
Q

potassium level

A

3.5-5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sodium level

A

135-145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chloride level

A

96-106

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

calcium level

A

8.6-10.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

phosphate level

A

3.0-4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

relationship b/t phosphate and calcium

A

inverse relationship;

if phos goes up, ca will go down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

serem osmo range

A

285-295 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

high serum osmo means what

A

water deficit (concentrated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

low serum osmo means what

A

water excess (diluted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

urine osmo range

A

500-800 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does urine osmolality tell us?

A

the concentrating ability of the kidneys and if there is a problem with ADH;
it is more accurate than specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

urine specific gravity range

A

1.003-1.030

measures kidneys ability to concentrate urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first spacing

A

normal shift of fluid in ICF and ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

second spacing

A

abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid

edema
* *reversible w/ albumin, ted hose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

third spacing

A

fluid accumulation in part of body where it is not easily exchanged with ECF and fluid is trapped

(ascites)
* *irreversible, requires evacuation (i.e. thoracentesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

example of hypertonic fluid

A

3% NS; D10W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

example of hypotonic fluid

A

1/2 NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

K+ imbalances cause?

A

cardiac problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Na imbalances cause?

A

neuro problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

function of chloride?

A

buffer acid-base imbalances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BUN range

A

6-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

creatinine range

A

0.6-1.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causes of fluid volume excess

A

too much intake (hypertonic fluids)
renal failure
heart failure
liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fluid volume excess–Labs

A

↓ Na and osmolality
↓ SG
↓ HCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
causes of fluid volume deficit
``` little intake diabetes burns diuretics hemorrhage 3rd spacing ```
26
how does the body compensate during fluid volume deficit?
↑thirst, release ADH, ↑ aldosterone (to ↓ urine output)
27
fluid volume deficit--Labs
↑ Na and osmolality | ↑ SG, albumin, HCT, BUN
28
risk of fluid excess
impaired gas exchange, pulmonary edema
29
risk of deficit
↓ tissue perfusion ↓ cardiac output hypovolemic shock
30
sodium/potassium relationship
inverse
31
hypervolemic hyponatremia cause?
CHF, renal failure
32
hypovolemic hyponatremia causes?
GI loss, 3rd spacing, diuretics, Addison's Disease
33
euvolemic hyponatremia causes?
SIADH, thiazide diretics, hypothyroid, psychogenic polydipsia
34
hyponatremia causes cells to do what?
swell
35
symptoms of hyponatremia
NEURO! | headache, confusion, seizures, coma
36
treatment of hyponatremia
* add sodium to diet * 3% NS (watch for fluid overload= crackles, edema) * Mannitol (if from fluid excess b/c excretes water not Na)
37
treat hyponatremia if caused by SIADH
Lithium or Declomycin
38
most common cause of hyperkalemia
kidney failure
39
EKG change with hyperkalemia
* wide QRS * prolonged PR * no P wave * peaked, narrow T wave
40
treatment of hyperkalemia
* Kayexalate * Glucose and insulin IV * loop/Thiazide diuretics * calcium gluconate * dialysis if severe
41
hyperkalemia s/s
``` M- muscle weakness U- urine, oliguria R- resp distress D- decreased cardiac contractility E- EKG changes R- reflexes (hyper or areflexia) ```
42
EKG change w/ hypokalemia
* peaked P * prolonged QRS * flattened T * U wave
43
hypokalemia symptoms
* dysrhythmias * weakness * paralytic ileus, constipation * low BP * dig toxicity
44
hypokalemia does what to cells
decrease excitability; make less responsive to stimuli
45
hyperkalemia does what to cells
``` increased excitability (takes less stimuli) may have spontaneous discharge of action potential ```
46
why give magnesium for hypokalemia?
if mag is low, body releases aldosterone causing you to excrete H2O and K
47
rules of giving potassium
* always dilute, never IV push * cardiac monitor if >20 mEq/hr * never more than 40 mEq/L of maintenance fluids
48
ionized calcium range
4.65-5.28
49
what is ionized calcium?
free, not bound to albumin | physiological active
50
calcitonin does what? secreted by what?
inhibits PTH which inhibits bone breakdown | secreted by thyroid
51
what does PTH do?
casuses ↑ calcium by releasing it from bones (osteoclasts), ↑ Vit D activation, and ↓ kidney excretion of Ca
52
hypercalcemia does what to cells?
``` slows cells! • depressed reflexes • muscle weakness, fractures • constipation • faster clotting times (↑ risk of DVT) ```
53
hypercalcemia treatment
* excrete Ca in urine w/ isotonic fluids or loop diuretics (i.e. Lasix) * weight-bearing activity * biophosphonates (for malignancies, inhibit osteoclasts) * no antacids * dialysis/ cardiac monitoring
54
acidosis does what to calcium level
albumin loses grip for calcium causing hypercalcemia of IONIZED calcium
55
alkalosis does what to calcium level
albumin increases grip for calcium causing hypocalcemia of IONIZED calcium (total calcium will look fine)
56
hypocalcemia does what to cells?
``` excited cells! • Trousseau's sign • Chvosek's sign • leg/foot cramps • abd cramps/diarrhea ```
57
hypocalcemia causes
* removal of parathyroid * multiple blood transfusions * decreased Vit D intake * malabsorption syndromes * renal failure * increased phosphorus
58
symptoms of hyperphosphatemia
sx from hypocalcemia (tetany, neuromuscular irritability) and calcium deposits
59
symptoms of hypophosphatemia
CNS depression, confusion, muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, fractures
60
cause of hyperphosphatemia
renal failure | tumor lysis syndrome
61
cause of hypophosphatemia
malnutrition, alcohol abuse, too many antacids
62
normal magnesium level
1.3-2.1
63
magnesium abnormalities affect?
cardiac and neuromuscular function
64
s/s of hypermag
loss of DTRs, n/v, lethargy, cardiac/resp arrest
65
s/s of hypomag
hyperactive DTRs, dysrhythmias, confusion, tremors, seizures
66
Kayexalate
binds to K to remove it; decreased effectiveness w/ antacids

medsurg2-- test 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions