f a r m i n g Flashcards
Farming system consist of __, __, __.
Inputs
Processes
Outputs
Whole flow of farming system (hint:5)
(Natural inputs + Human inputs) > Farming processes > Outputs > Markets > Cash
Natural inputs (hint: 5)
Temperature Rainwater Sunshine Soil Flat land
Human inputs (hint: 4)
Labour
Machines
Organic fertilizers
Capital
What does it means by “capital” as in farming system?
Used to buy other “inputs”
Farming processes (hint: 6)
Ploughing Irrigating Sowing Weeding Adding fertilisers Harvesting
Outputs (hint: 2)
Vegetables
Waste
How are farming systems different from each other? (hint: 3)
Amount of inputs per unit of land
Types of outputs
Use of outputs
What are the two types of farming in terms of amount of inputs per unit of land?
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
What are the three types of farming in terms of type of outputs?
Arable farming
Pastoral farming
Mixed farming
What are the two types of farming in terms of use of outputs?
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
Intensive farming (hint: 2)
Hight inputs
Small
Extensive farming (hint: 2)
Low inputs
Large
Arable farming
Growing of crops
Mixed farming
Both growing of crops and rearing of livestock
Subsistence farming
Use as food for the farmer and family
Commercial farming
For sale
where are best farmland in china 2
south and east
farming region
an area growing the same major types of crops using similar farming methods
farming regions at North & Northeast China 1 major 3 minor
Wheat ( major ) , corn, soybean, potatoes
farming regions of West & Northwest China
Livestock
farming regions in South China 1 major 1 minor
Rice ( major ) , vegetables
Factors affecting distribution of farming
3
Climate (temperature)
climate (rainfall
Relief
why does temperature affects farming
Each crop has a minimum growing temperature and minimum growing season, it affects the length of growing season
rainfall affects amount of __ __.
Affects amount of irrigation water
what crop requires more water
paddy rice
Relief
Height + Steepness of slope
why is east part of China used for farming (relief
Plains and lowland
why only pastoral farming in some places
Hilly and thin soil, only grass can grow there
farming problems in china 4
environmental limitations
natural hazards
desertification
urbanization
How environmental limitations affects farming 3pt 1conclu
long and cold winters -> short growing season for arable farming too dry ( deserts) -> insufficient irrigation water too hilly -> use of mechanization would become limited area of arable land is restricted
what can be used in hills for farming
terracing (梯田)
where does environmental limitations occur 2
reason
most affected
reason
N & NE > too cold
W & NW > dry and mountainous (most affected : W & NW , only pastoral farming is possible
how natural hazards affect farming2types+effect
flooding floods farmland
loss of crops & livestock
- drought
- crops failure, death of livestock
where does flooding occur WHY
lower course of Changjiang
melt water in spring and heavy rainfall in summer
where does drought occur why
(not restricted to where, most serious in ____ areas like __, common in (direction) china
not restricted to dry areas; most serious in semi-arid areas like Inner Mongolia, also common in South China
rain is less than normal
where does natural hazards (as a whole ) affects the most (not direction
places with rice farming
where does drought affects more 2
__ farming in ? & ?
wheat farming in n&ne
pastoral farming in w&nw
how does desertification affects farming
expanding deserts -> lost of farming and pasture land
where does desertification occurs
margins of deserts in n&nw china
places where overgrazing occurs
describe process of overgrazing 2
1 removes grassland (protection to the soil) -> soil erosion(blown away by wind)
2 reduction in soil depth and fertility as soil is eroded
overgrazing leads to
lower farming productivity
how does urbanization affects farming? 2
urbanization -> loss of farmland
pollution of soil and irrigation water by industries -> lower the quality of crops
where does urbanization occurs
why 2
all large cities, especially eastern china
land is needed urban development for roads, houses, railway, factories
farmland is too close to polluting industries or mines
where does urbanization affects most 2
rice farming in south
wheat farming in the n&ne china
meet self-sufficiency of china food supply?
evidence 2
yes
local food production was higher than consumption
high self-sufficiency rate for major agricultural products
which agricultural products did china has a high self-sufficiency for 4
rice meat fruit vegetable
is maintaining food supply self-sufficiency important for china
why 3
important
large population of 1.4 billion
difficult and expensive to import food for such large population
maintain food security
is maintaining food supply self-sufficiency important for china
why 3
important
large population of 1.4 billion
difficult and expensive to import food for such large population
maintain food security
describe the trend of china food consumption
why (2 keywords
increasing
population size
people’s income
why does population size affect food consumption
growing population > higher food consumption
how does people’s income affect food consumption
economic development has increased chinese people’s income > higher food demand (meat)
reason for increase in food supply + how 2
farming technology > increase productivity
import from other countries > wouldn’t face food shortage
country which import food from other countries
singapore
name 3 farming techniques and technology
irrigation
agrochemical
genetically modified crops
how irrigation improve farming productivity 3
provide water to areas that do not have enough natural water to grow crops
land that was originally too dry (desert) used for cultivation
farming continued in dry months > longer growing season
negative of irrigation 4
+ one big key word
1 in semi-arid areas where evaporation is high, over-irrigation may result in salty soil > bad for growing of crops
2 when too much water is applied, salts in the deeper part of the soil will dissolve in water
3 after the water is evaporated, salts are left behind on the soil surface
4 increasing salt content in the soil
salinization
list three agrochemicals
fertilizers
pesticide
herbicide
what is fertilizers
a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility so as to increase crop yield
negative of fertilizers 5 steps
1 too much nutrients washed into rivers and lakes > algal bloom
2 thick layer or algae cover the surface and prevent sunlight from other water plants
3 plants die and oxygen depleted
4 decomposition (decay) of dead plants and algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen
5 low level of oxygen > fish and organism die
pesticide
a chemical used to kill pests such as insects, rodents, fungi > good harvest
negative of pesticide4
some insect develop resistance to insecticides (superbug) > more chemicals
contaminate water sources and soil
harmful for other organisms (bee((important pollinators
harmful for human health (nervous system, liver
herbicide
a chemical to kill unwanted plants
another word for unwanted plants
weed
which category does genetically modified crops fall under
biotechnology
name 2 farming technology (biotechnology
hybrid crops
genetically modified crops
hybrid crops
cross breeding two different species of crops
benefit of hybrid crops
better quality species > raise farm output
how many of rice in china is hybrid rice
why
half
increase annual rice yields > food security
genetically modified crops
plants altered to incorporate genes with a desirable trait > seeds of new species
benefit of genetically modified crops 4
have higher yield > increase productivity with same amount of land
need less water > survive dry periods, tolerate droughts (counter climate change
resist pests > less pesticides > good harvest > increase income of farmer
add nutrients
example of genetically modified crops adding nutrients
what it contains
golden rice (contain vitamin a
genetically modified crops down side 2
health concerns (long term impacts unintentional spreading of engineered dna during pollination > disrupt ecological balance
scientific studies show gm crops are harmful to health true / false
false
reasons china will be able to maintain a high self-sufficiency in food supply
2 big pts
technological improvement due to larger funding in research > higher efficiency and productivity
favourable government policies > high self-suffciency and food security
examples of technological improvements in china and what they do 3
gm crops > improve quality and quantity of crops
greenhouse > temperature and humidity control
efficient, advanced irrigation > farm in deserts
examples of favourable government policies of farming 2
land use
agricultural subsidies > farming techniques to improve harvest
why china cannot maintain high self-sufficiency in food supply
7 big pts
population continues to increase steadily even though there is a smaller growth rate higher living standard urbanization desertification higher level of education climate change economy grows
explain why population continues to increase steadily even though there is a smaller growth rate is bad
high demand
explain why higher living standard is bad to farming
demands more and a larger variety of food especially protein/ meat
explain why urbanization is bad (shorter one
taking up farmland > pollution
explain about desertification (shorter 3 steps
over-cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions > salinization> land turns unproductive
why is high level of education bad to food supply
fewer people want to become farmers > reduce in productivity
why is climate change bad (shorter
more frequent ec\xtreme climatic events such as flooding and drought + intensified desertification
why is economy grows bad to food supply
less emphasis on farming , rely more on import
