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g e o g r a p h y > f a r m i n g > Flashcards

f a r m i n g Flashcards

1
Q

Farming system consist of __, __, __.

A

Inputs
Processes
Outputs

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2
Q

Whole flow of farming system (hint:5)

A

(Natural inputs + Human inputs) > Farming processes > Outputs > Markets > Cash

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3
Q

Natural inputs (hint: 5)

A 
Temperature
Rainwater
Sunshine
Soil
Flat land
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4
Q

Human inputs (hint: 4)

A

Labour
Machines
Organic fertilizers
Capital

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5
Q

What does it means by “capital” as in farming system?

A

Used to buy other “inputs”

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6
Q

Farming processes (hint: 6)

A 
Ploughing
Irrigating
Sowing
Weeding
Adding fertilisers
Harvesting
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7
Q

Outputs (hint: 2)

A

Vegetables

Waste

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8
Q

How are farming systems different from each other? (hint: 3)

A

Amount of inputs per unit of land
Types of outputs
Use of outputs

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9
Q

What are the two types of farming in terms of amount of inputs per unit of land?

A

Intensive farming

Extensive farming

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10
Q

What are the three types of farming in terms of type of outputs?

A

Arable farming
Pastoral farming
Mixed farming

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11
Q

What are the two types of farming in terms of use of outputs?

A

Subsistence farming

Commercial farming

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12
Q

Intensive farming (hint: 2)

A

Hight inputs

Small

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13
Q

Extensive farming (hint: 2)

A

Low inputs

Large

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14
Q

Arable farming

A

Growing of crops

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15
Q

Mixed farming

A

Both growing of crops and rearing of livestock

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16
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Use as food for the farmer and family

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17
Q

Commercial farming

A

For sale

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18
Q

where are best farmland in china 2

A

south and east

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19
Q

farming region

A

an area growing the same major types of crops using similar farming methods

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20
Q

farming regions at North & Northeast China 1 major 3 minor

A

Wheat ( major ) , corn, soybean, potatoes

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21
Q

farming regions of West & Northwest China

A

Livestock

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22
Q

farming regions in South China 1 major 1 minor

A

Rice ( major ) , vegetables

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23
Q

Factors affecting distribution of farming

3

A

Climate (temperature)
climate (rainfall
Relief

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24
Q

why does temperature affects farming

A

Each crop has a minimum growing temperature and minimum growing season, it affects the length of growing season

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25
Q

rainfall affects amount of __ __.

A

Affects amount of irrigation water

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26
Q

what crop requires more water

A

paddy rice

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27
Q

Relief

A

Height + Steepness of slope

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28
Q

why is east part of China used for farming (relief

A

Plains and lowland

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29
Q

why only pastoral farming in some places

A

Hilly and thin soil, only grass can grow there

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30
Q

farming problems in china 4

A

environmental limitations
natural hazards
desertification
urbanization

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31
Q

How environmental limitations affects farming 3pt 1conclu

A 
long and cold winters -> short growing season for arable farming
too dry ( deserts) -> insufficient irrigation water
too hilly -> use of mechanization would become limited
area of arable land is restricted
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32
Q

what can be used in hills for farming

A

terracing (梯田)

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33
Q

where does environmental limitations occur 2
reason
most affected
reason

A

N & NE > too cold

W & NW > dry and mountainous (most affected : W & NW , only pastoral farming is possible

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34
Q

how natural hazards affect farming2types+effect

A

flooding floods farmland
loss of crops & livestock
- drought
- crops failure, death of livestock

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35
Q

where does flooding occur WHY

A

lower course of Changjiang

melt water in spring and heavy rainfall in summer

36
Q

where does drought occur why

(not restricted to where, most serious in ____ areas like __, common in (direction) china

A

not restricted to dry areas; most serious in semi-arid areas like Inner Mongolia, also common in South China
rain is less than normal

37
Q

where does natural hazards (as a whole ) affects the most (not direction

A

places with rice farming

38
Q

where does drought affects more 2

__ farming in ? & ?

A

wheat farming in n&ne

pastoral farming in w&nw

39
Q

how does desertification affects farming

A

expanding deserts -> lost of farming and pasture land

40
Q

where does desertification occurs

A

margins of deserts in n&nw china

places where overgrazing occurs

41
Q

describe process of overgrazing 2

A

1 removes grassland (protection to the soil) -> soil erosion(blown away by wind)
2 reduction in soil depth and fertility as soil is eroded

42
Q

overgrazing leads to

A

lower farming productivity

43
Q

how does urbanization affects farming? 2

A

urbanization -> loss of farmland

pollution of soil and irrigation water by industries -> lower the quality of crops

44
Q

where does urbanization occurs

why 2

A

all large cities, especially eastern china

land is needed urban development for roads, houses, railway, factories
farmland is too close to polluting industries or mines

45
Q

where does urbanization affects most 2

A

rice farming in south

wheat farming in the n&ne china

46
Q

meet self-sufficiency of china food supply?

evidence 2

A

yes
local food production was higher than consumption
high self-sufficiency rate for major agricultural products

47
Q

which agricultural products did china has a high self-sufficiency for 4

A

rice meat fruit vegetable

48
Q

is maintaining food supply self-sufficiency important for china
why 3

A

important
large population of 1.4 billion
difficult and expensive to import food for such large population
maintain food security

48
Q

is maintaining food supply self-sufficiency important for china
why 3

A

important
large population of 1.4 billion
difficult and expensive to import food for such large population
maintain food security

49
Q

describe the trend of china food consumption

why (2 keywords

A

increasing
population size
people’s income

50
Q

why does population size affect food consumption

A

growing population > higher food consumption

51
Q

how does people’s income affect food consumption

A

economic development has increased chinese people’s income > higher food demand (meat)

52
Q

reason for increase in food supply + how 2

A

farming technology > increase productivity

import from other countries > wouldn’t face food shortage

53
Q

country which import food from other countries

A

singapore

54
Q

name 3 farming techniques and technology

A

irrigation
agrochemical
genetically modified crops

55
Q

how irrigation improve farming productivity 3

A

provide water to areas that do not have enough natural water to grow crops
land that was originally too dry (desert) used for cultivation
farming continued in dry months > longer growing season

56
Q

negative of irrigation 4

+ one big key word

A

1 in semi-arid areas where evaporation is high, over-irrigation may result in salty soil > bad for growing of crops
2 when too much water is applied, salts in the deeper part of the soil will dissolve in water
3 after the water is evaporated, salts are left behind on the soil surface
4 increasing salt content in the soil

salinization

57
Q

list three agrochemicals

A

fertilizers
pesticide
herbicide

58
Q

what is fertilizers

A

a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility so as to increase crop yield

59
Q

negative of fertilizers 5 steps

A

1 too much nutrients washed into rivers and lakes > algal bloom
2 thick layer or algae cover the surface and prevent sunlight from other water plants
3 plants die and oxygen depleted
4 decomposition (decay) of dead plants and algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen
5 low level of oxygen > fish and organism die

60
Q

pesticide

A

a chemical used to kill pests such as insects, rodents, fungi > good harvest

61
Q

negative of pesticide4

A

some insect develop resistance to insecticides (superbug) > more chemicals
contaminate water sources and soil
harmful for other organisms (bee((important pollinators
harmful for human health (nervous system, liver

62
Q

herbicide

A

a chemical to kill unwanted plants

63
Q

another word for unwanted plants

A

weed

64
Q

which category does genetically modified crops fall under

A

biotechnology

65
Q

name 2 farming technology (biotechnology

A

hybrid crops

genetically modified crops

66
Q

hybrid crops

A

cross breeding two different species of crops

67
Q

benefit of hybrid crops

A

better quality species > raise farm output

68
Q

how many of rice in china is hybrid rice

why

A

half

increase annual rice yields > food security

69
Q

genetically modified crops

A

plants altered to incorporate genes with a desirable trait > seeds of new species

70
Q

benefit of genetically modified crops 4

A

have higher yield > increase productivity with same amount of land
need less water > survive dry periods, tolerate droughts (counter climate change
resist pests > less pesticides > good harvest > increase income of farmer
add nutrients

71
Q

example of genetically modified crops adding nutrients

what it contains

A

golden rice (contain vitamin a

72
Q

genetically modified crops down side 2

A 
health concerns (long term impacts
unintentional spreading of engineered dna during pollination > disrupt ecological balance
73
Q

scientific studies show gm crops are harmful to health true / false

A

false

74
Q

reasons china will be able to maintain a high self-sufficiency in food supply
2 big pts

A

technological improvement due to larger funding in research > higher efficiency and productivity

favourable government policies > high self-suffciency and food security

75
Q

examples of technological improvements in china and what they do 3

A

gm crops > improve quality and quantity of crops
greenhouse > temperature and humidity control
efficient, advanced irrigation > farm in deserts

76
Q

examples of favourable government policies of farming 2

A

land use

agricultural subsidies > farming techniques to improve harvest

77
Q

why china cannot maintain high self-sufficiency in food supply
7 big pts

A 
population continues to increase steadily even though there is a smaller growth rate
higher living standard
urbanization
desertification
higher level of education
climate change
economy grows
78
Q

explain why population continues to increase steadily even though there is a smaller growth rate is bad

A

high demand

79
Q

explain why higher living standard is bad to farming

A

demands more and a larger variety of food especially protein/ meat

80
Q

explain why urbanization is bad (shorter one

A

taking up farmland > pollution

81
Q

explain about desertification (shorter 3 steps

A

over-cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions > salinization> land turns unproductive

82
Q

why is high level of education bad to food supply

A

fewer people want to become farmers > reduce in productivity

83
Q

why is climate change bad (shorter

A

more frequent ec\xtreme climatic events such as flooding and drought + intensified desertification

84
Q

why is economy grows bad to food supply

A

less emphasis on farming , rely more on import

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