F/A-18A-E Flashcards
When is Monthly Maintenance Plan (MMP) due at O-Level?
25th of month
When is Monthly Maintenance Plan (MMP) due at I-Level?
1st of month
What are the three objectives of First Aid
prevent further injury
prevent infection
prevent loss of life
What are the four methods of controlling bleeding
direct pressure
elevation
pressure points
tourniquet
what is a pressure point
point where artery near skin & over bone
how many principle pressure points are there
22
11 on each side of the body
what are the primary pressure points
- superficial temporal artery (temple)
- Facial artery (jaw)
- Common carotid artery (neck)
- Subclavian artery (collar bone)
- Brachial artery (inner upper arm)
- Brachial artery (inner elbow)
- Radial/Ulnar artery (wrist)
- Femoral artery (upper thigh)
- Iliac artery (groin)
- Popliteal artery (knee)
- Anterior/posterior tibial artery (ankle)
what are the three classifications of burns
First degree
Second degree
Third degree
what is a first degree burn
redness
mild pain
what is a second degree burn
blisters
severe pain
what is a third degree burn
Destroys tissue, skin & bone
severe pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed
how many types of fractures are there
2
what are the two types of fractures
closed/simple
open/compound
what types of injury are caused by a shock
little or no evidence of injury to severe trauma
cardiac arrest
what indications does an obstructed airway give
inability to talk
grasping & pointing to throat
exaggerated breathing efforts
skin turning bluish color
what are the two types of heat related injuries
heat exhaustion
heat stroke
explain heat exhaustion
skin is cool, moist, and clammy
pupils dilated
body temp may be normal or high
profusely sweating
explain heat stroke
breakdown of sweating mechanism
hot dry skin
uneven pupil dilation
weak rapid pulse
how many types of cold weather injuries are there
three
what is hypothermia
general cooling of body pale and unconscious breathing is slow & shallow pulse faint or undetectable body tissues feel semi-rigid arms & legs feel stiff
what are the three types of cold weather injuries
hypothermia
superficial frostbite
deep frostbite
what is superficial frostbite
ice crystals forming in the upper skin layers
what is deep frostbite
ice crystals forming in the deeper tissues
what is shock (not electrical)
body suffers from insufficient blood flow
result of severe injury or illness
how many types of shock are there
5
name the five types of shock
CHASN
cardiogenic hypovolemic anaphylactic septic neurogenic
what is septic shock
bacteria in blood releasing toxins
what is anaphylactic shock
severe allergic reaction
what is cardiogenic shock
heart is damaged & unable to supply sufficient blood
what is hypovolemic shock
severe blood and fluid loss
what is neurogenic shock
spinal cord injury
what is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
combination of rescue breathing & chest compressions
what is the purpose of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
support blood flow to heart & brain to “buy time”
what are the steps of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
C/A/B or Circulation/Airway/Breathing
what are the steps of the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) survival chain
Recognition/activation of CPR Chest compressions AED/defibrillator Rapid defibrillation Effective advanced life support (EMT’s, ambulance) Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
what is Operational Risk Management (ORM)
systematic decision-making process to identify and manage hazards
How many steps of ORM are there
five
what are the steps of ORM
IAMIS
Identify Hazards Assess Hazards Make Risk Decisions Implement Controls Supervise
how many classes of mishaps are there
three
what is a Class A mishap
$2,000,000 or more
death
permanent total disability
what is a Class B mishap
$500,000 to $2,000,000
permanent partial disability
three or more personnel hospitalized
what is a Class C mishap
$50,000 to $500,000
loss of one day or more work (not including day of)
name the flight line PPE
Cranials Eye Protection Hearing Protection Impact Protection Gloves Foot Protection
what is the minimum foot protection
steel toed
ANSI approved
FOD free soles
define chemical warfare
employment of chemical agents
military operations
kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate personnel
what is an example of a nerve agent
Sarin (GB)
VX
how does a nerve agent work
agents that disrupt nerve impulses to body
damage body functions rather than tissue
how does a blister agent work
agents that cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues
temporary blindness and/or death
what is an example of a blister agent
Distilled mustard (HD) Levinstein Mustard (HL)
how does a blood agent work
agents that attack enzymes carrying oxygen in blood stream
rapid breathing or choking due to lack of oxygen in the blood
what is an example of a blood agent
Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) Cyanogen Chloride (CK)
how does a choking agent work
agents causing tears, nausea, vomiting, and headache lungs fil with fluid, causing drowning feeling
breathing rapid and shallow
what is an example of a choking agent
Phosgene (CG)
Diphosgene
what does M9 paper do
detects presence of liquid chemical agents
how does M9 paper indicate liquid chemical agents
turning reddish color
what can M9 paper not detect
chemical agent vapors
what is Atropine/2-PAM-chloride
specific therapy for nerve agent casualties
where is Atropine/2-PAM-chloride injected
intramuscular injection, self-aid or first aid
how does biological warfare work
agents to cause disease, sickness, or death
reduce the effectiveness of opposing forces
what are the basic divisions of biological warfare agents
- pathogens
- toxins
what is a pathogen
bacteria
viruses
fungus
how are biological warfare toxins categorized
source
physiological affect
what are the sources of biological toxins
bacterial toxins
plant toxins
animal venoms
what are the physiological effects of biological toxins
neurotoxins
cytotoxins
dermatoxins
define IPE
Individual Protective Equipment
Name Individual Protective Equipment (IPE)
MCU-2P C-2 canister filter Advanced chemical protective garment (ACPG) Chemical protective gloves and liners Chemical protective overboots and laces Skin decontamination kit
what is Radiological Warfare
deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death of all life.
name the types of nuclear blasts
High altitude air burst Air burst Surface Burst Shallow underwater burst Deep underwater burst
describe a nuclear high altitude burst
above 100,000 feet
EMP
describe a nuclear air burst
fireball does not reach the surface
vacuum collects debris from severe blast damage resulting fallout
describe a nuclear surface blast
worst fallout
fireball touches surface
massive radioactive fallout
describe a nuclear shallow underwater burst
small fireball and blast wave
large waves and water contamination
describe a nuclear deep underwater blast
less visual effect
yields greater contaminated water
what is the worst nuclear blast
Surface Burst
worst fallout due to the fireball touching the surface
what is the difference between deep shelter and ready shelter on a ship
Ready-shelter: just inside weather envelope access to deep shelter min shielding close to battle stations
Deep-shelter: low in ship near centerline max shielding often far from battle stations
what is a DT-60
non-self reading
high range casualty dosimeter
0-600 roentgens.
what is MOPP
management tool to coordinate systems in CBR environment
how many MOPP levels are there
five
what is the worst MOPP level
four
what is MOPP level zero
Issue IPE, accessible within five minutes
what is MOPP level one
Afloat: MASK & Gloves readily accessible
Ashore: Don protective equipment, M9 tape
what is MOPP level two
Afloat: Mask carried, decon supplies stage
Ashore: don protective over-boots.
what is MOPP level three
Afloat: GQ, install filters, don over-boots
Ashore: fill canteens, activate decon stations
what is MOPP level four
Afloat: Don mask/hood, gloves, Circle William, countermeasure washdown
Ashore: Gloves
how do you extinguish a class alpha fire
water
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
how do you extinguish a class bravo fire
AFFF
Halon 1211
Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
how do you extinguish a class charlie fire
Energized: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Halon 1211 Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP) H2O in fog patterns with a min distance of 4 feet
De-energized: Treat as a Class A, B, or D fire.
how do you extinguish a class delta fire
H2O in large quantities in high velocity fog from safe distance due to possible explosion
Jettison
what % of AFFF is used
6% AFFF
94% water
what is Halon 1211
colorless, faintly sweet smelling, electrically nonconductive gas that leaves no residue to clean up.
what sizes do CO2 bottles come in
15lb
50lb wheeled
define PKP
Potassium Bicarbonate
what is Potassium Bicarbonate
PKP
what are the safety concerns on the flight deck/flight line
jet blast
rotor arcs
propellers
jet intakes
what are mitigating factors to flight deck/flight line hazards
being FOD free
wearing PPE
being qualified
keeping head on a swivel
explain a runway
Paved areas for takeoff and landing
what are threshold markings
parallel stripes on ends of the runways
12 feet wide by 150 feet long
designate landing area
what is an overrun area
paved or un-paved
ends of runways
provides deceleration area for aborting or overshooting
what is a MA-1 series overrun barrier
designed to stop tricycle landing gear aircraft not without hooks
always in standby status
what is emergency shore based recovery equipment
for in-flight emergencies
stop in shortest distance possible to minimize injury to pilot or aircrew and damage to the aircraft
what are taxiways
paved areas for aircraft to move between parking aprons, runways, and airfield services
what is a parking apron
open paved areas adjacent to hangers, fuel, services often called the flight line
used for parking, servicing, and loading aircraft; they are connected to the runways by taxiways
what is the compass calibration pad
magnetically quiet area where compass is calibrated
where do we calibrate aircraft compasses
compase rose
explain runway numbering system
numbered in relation to magnetic heading
rounded to nearest 10
If there are 2 parallel runways then L/R or C added
what is the airfield rotating beacon
airport below Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
identifies airport location
rotates clockwise at a constant speed
military airfields use 2 white lights and one green flashing 12 to 15 times per minute
which way does airfield rotating beacon spin
clockwise at constant speed
explain the lights on a military airfield rotating beacon
2 white lights
one green
flash 12-15 times per minute
how fast do lights on military airfield rotating beacon flash
12 to 15 times per minute
Flight Deck PPE
Flight deck (steel-toed) safety shoes Protective jersey Cranial impact helmet Protective eye goggles Leather gloves
Yellow Jerseys
Aircraft Handling Officer Flight Deck Officer Catapult & Arresting Officer Air Bos’n Plane directors
White Jerseys
Safety department Air Transport Officer Landing Signal Officer Troubleshooters Medical
Brown Jerseys
Plane Captains
Blue Jerseys
Chocks & Chains
Tractors
Elevator Operators
Green Jerseys
Catapult and Arresting Gear
Squadron Aircraft Maintenance personnel
Helo LSE
Photographers
Red Jerseys
Crash & Salvage
EOD
AOs
Purple Jerseys
Fuel
Flight Deck PKP Markings
Wheel Edge Coaming
12in red stripe
3in white “PKP” stencil
No Coaming
18in white circle
5in red “PKP” stencil
Flight Deck Salt Water Station Markings
Wheel Edge Coaming
18in wide red stripe
3in yellow “W” stencil
No Coaming
18in red triangle
yellow “W” stencil
Flight Deck CO2 Bottle Markings
Wheel Edge Coaming
12in red stripe
3in white “CO2” stencil
No Coaming
18in white circle
5in red “CO2” stencil
Flight Deck AFFF station markings
Wheel Edge Coaming
18in green stripe
3in white “AFFF” stencil
No Coaming
18in green square
3in white “AFFF” stencil
Flight Deck Bomb Jettison Ramp markings
yellow stripe up & over deck edge on sides
alternating 4in wide red & yellow stripes
12in black bomb picture in center
Flight Deck steam smothering markings
18in black stripe
3” white “STEAM” stencil
where should Support Equipment (SE) not be driven
under any part of parked acft
where should Support Equipment (SE) be parked
adjacent to acft
prevents collision
safety precaution if Support Equipment (SE) motor is running
must be manned
how do you hook up a grounding strap
ground then acft
how much static charge can build up on acft windshield & canopy
100,000 volts
what safety precaution do you have to take after flight or prolonged exposure to high winds
discharge canopy & windshield before touching
what is the initial tie-down
min 6 chains
when is initial tie-down used
immediately:
prior to
in between
after flight
how many different tie down schemes are there
four
what tie down do we use up to 45 knots
normal
what is a normal tie down
9 chains
how many knots is normal tie-down rated for
up to 45 knots
what tie down do we between 45 & 60 knots
moderate
how many chains in a moderate tie-down
14
how many knots is moderate tie-down rated for
45 to 60 knots
what tie-down do we use over 60 knots
heavy
how many chains in a heavy tie-down
20
how many knots is heavy tie-down rated for
above 60 knots
how are tie-down hooks configured
hook down on acft
hook up on deck
how are acft critical walkways identified
“NO STEP” markings
what is the only mandatory signal regardless of type
emergency stop
what is max towing speed
5 knots
or
speed of slowest walker
how many people are required to move acft
6 to 10
what are move directors responsibilities
Overall responsible for assembling crew
ensuring proper quals
pre move briefing
safe movement of the aircraft with emphasis on safety
who is required to move acft
Move Director Brake Rider Chock Walker Safety Observers Tractor Driver
what is brake riders responsibilities on move team
pre-move brake inspection
what is chock walkers responsibilities on move team
removing, carrying, installing chocks
escorts acft
what is move team safety observers responsibilities
ensure acft ready to be towed
ensure clearance
how many move team safety observers do you need
three
wing tips
tail of acft
where are move team safety observers placed
wing tips
tail of acft
what is move team tractor drivers responsibilities
safe & slow movement from hook up to final parking
responsible directly to Move Director
who is move team tractor driver responsible to
Move Director
Define FPCON
Force Protection Conditions
what is FPCON
measures designed to increase the level of a unit’s defense against terrorist attacks
who sets FPCON
commanders at any level
can subordinate commanders up FPCON locally
yes
define FPCONs
Alpha: general threat
Bravo: increased threat
Charlie: incident occurs or intel of incident
Delta: area of attack or intel of imminent attack
define DEFCON
Defense Condition of Readiness
what is DEFCON
graduated levels of readiness for military
what DEFCON is most severe
DEFCON 1
what DEFCON is least severe
DEFCON 5
how many DEFCON levels are there
five
what DEFCON is set during normal peacetime
DEFCON 5
what is DEFCON 1
maximum force readiness
what is the objective of Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP)
achieve & continually improve aviation material readiness & safety standards with optimum use of manpower, material, facilities, and funds
define NAMP
Naval Aviation Maintenance Program
what is MO’s job
maintenance Department DH
what is Assistant Maintenance Officer’s (AMO) job
assist MO
coordinate TAD
manages SE training & licensing
manages manpower via NTMPS/FLTMPS
Define MMCO
Maintenance/Material Control Officer
what is Maintenance, Material Control Officer’s (MMCO) job
overall production and material support
coordinates and monitors department workload
responsible for preparing and publishing the MMP.
what is Quality Assurance Officer’s (QAO) job
assign personnel to perform QA functions
conduct QA training
ensure QARs receive cross training
what is the Material Control Officer’s (MCO) job
handles supply
define MCO
Material Control Officer
Define QAO
Quality Assurance Officer
how many levels of maint are there in the Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP)
three
what are the three levels of maint in the Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP)
I
O
D
what is O-Level maint
Maintenance performed by operating unit day-to-day in support of its own operations
what is I-Level maint
enhance and sustain combat readiness & mission capability of supported activities
what is D-Level maint
FRC sites
depot
what are the two types of maint described in the Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP)
rework
upkeep
what is rework
work done above squadron level
what is upkeep
work down by squadron
what is turnaround maint
between flights
good for 24 hours (if no flight or maint performed)
what is daily maint
inspect for defects
good for 72 hours (If no flight or major maint)
acft can be flown for 24 hours before needs to be redone
what is special maint
maint/inspect based on periodicity
what is conditional maint
based on unscheduled events/circumstances
what is phase maint
dividing total maint package into smaller requirements
done sequentially and in order
where is rework done
D-Level facitlity
what is an aircraft logbook
hard bound record of acft history
name the sections of the aircraft logbook
Non-aging record Flight time Inspection records Repair/Rework Technical Directive Miscellaneous History Preservation and De-preservation record Installed Explosive Devices Inventory Record Assembly Service Record Equipment History Record Scheduled Removal Components cards (SRCs) Aviation Life Support System records Aeronautical Equipment Service Records (AESRs)
how many sections are in an acft logbook
14
what is the Quality Assurance (QA) concept
prevention of defects
what is a Quality Assurance Representative
maint personnel assigned to QA
certify work has been completed IAW with current instructions and directives
what is a Collateral Duty QAR (CDQAR)
maint personnel who function capacity as QARs
meet same quals
assigned on a temporary or permanent basis
what is a Collateral Duty Inspector (CDI)
assigned to production
inspect all work and comply with the required QA inspections
spot check all work in progress
familiar with QA programs & audits
what is the Central Technical Publications Library (CTPL)
central source of up-to-date technical directives
define CTPL
Central Technical Publications Library
what is CSEC
tool used by QA
provides standardized objective measurement for audits
how many types of audits are performed by QA
three
name the types of audits performed by QA
special
work center
programs
what is a special audit
evaluate specific maintenance task, process, procedure or program
audits held for one year
how long are special audit records kept for
one year
what is a work center audit
semi-annual
evaluate overall performance of each work center
all areas of work center evaluated including
personnel
monitored and managed programs
logs and records
licenses
what is a program audit
evaluate specific programs
annually
what is the Aircraft Confined Space Program (ACSP)
ensure safe enviro for fuel cells & tank work
can use FRC if no one qualified
define ACSP
Aircraft Confined Space Program
what is the Naval Aviation Maintenance Deficiency Reporting Program (NAMDRP)
reporting of:
substandard workmanship
improper QA procedures
deficiencies in material & publications
define NAMDRP
Naval Aviation Maintenance Deficiency Reporting Program
define NATOPS
Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization
what is the Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS)
improving combat readiness
reducing mishap rate
when was the Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program established
1961
how many acft did the navy lose in 1950
776
what is most dangerous time for personnel
engine startup and shutdown
steps for starting an engine
wheels chocked parking brake set intake screens installed Foreign Object Damage (FOD) inspection plane tied down adequate fire extinguishing equipment
what does “warning” mean in Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program
may result in injury or death
what does “caution” mean in Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program
may result in damage to equipment
what does “note” mean in Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program
must be emphasized
what does “shall” mean in Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program
procedure is mandatory
what does “should” mean in Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program
procedure is recommended
what does “may” mean in Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program
procedure is optional
what does “will” mean in Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) program
future
never indicates any degree of requirement
where are visual identifications placed
vertical stabilizer
what identifications does LANT use
first character “A through M”
second character “A through Z”
what identifications does PAC use
first character shall be “N through Z”
second character “A through Z”
what identification does CANTRA use
first character shall be “A through G”
no second character
Significance of 14 November 1910
First take off from a ship
Eugene Ely
Civilian pilot
USS BIRMINGHAM (CL 2)
what ship did the first shipboard take off happen from
USS BIRMINGHAM
who was the first pilot to take off from a ship
Eugene Ely
Civilian Pilot
what date did the first shipboard take off happen on
14 November 1910
what is the birthday of naval aviation
08 May 1911
what signified the birth of Naval aviation
purchase of two planes for $5,500 by Captain W. I. Chambers
what were the first planes purchased by the navy designated as
A-1 Triad
who purchased the first navy planes
Captain W. I. Chambers
who was the first fatality in naval aviation
Ensign William D. Billingsley
fell from B-2 at 1,600 ft
what is significant about 08 May 1911
birth of naval aviation
what was the A-1 Triad
first plane purchased by the navy
who was with Ensign William D. Billingsley in the B-2 when he died
Lieutenant John H. Towers
what date did the first naval aviation death occur on
20 June 1913
what is significant about 20 June 1913
first naval aviation death
Ensign William D. Billingsley
what is significant about 22 October 1917
first Inspectors School started
14 men at MIT
predecessor of current QAR
what was the first carrier
USS LANGLEY (CV 1)
When did the first carrier get commissioned
20 March 1922
what is significant about 20 March 1922
first carrier, USS LANGLEY (CV 1) commissioned
what was the USS LANGLEY (CV 1) before conversion
Jupiter
Coal Carrier
what is significant about 10 March 1948
FJ-1 Fury, first navy jet, makes first carrier landing USS BOXER (CV 21)
when was the first jet landing on a carrier
10 March 1948
what was the first navy jet to land on a carrier
FJ-1 Fury
what carrier did the first navy jet land on
USS BOXER (CV 21)
when did the battle of the Coral Sea happen
07-08 May 1942
what is significant about the battle of the Coral Sea
first carrier vs carrier battle
what is significant about 07-08 May 1942
Battle of the Coral Sea
what did the US prevent in the battle of the Coral Sea
Japanese invasion of Australia
how many ships were lost on 07May in the battle of the Coral Sea
US lost two minor ships
Japan lost one Carrier
how many carriers were involved in Coral Sea
5
three Japanese
two US
how many ships were lost on 08May in the battle of the Coral Sea
US lost one carrier (LEXINGTON)
USS YORKTOWN Carrier severely damaged
Japan had on carrier damaged
what carrier did US lose on 08May at battle of the Coral Sea
USS LEXINGTON
what US carriers were involved in the Battle of the Coral Sea
USS LEXINGTON
USS YORKTOWN
what is significant of the Battle of Midway
turning point in Pacific War
what is significant about 03-05 June 1942
Battle of Midway
when was the Battle of Midway
03-05 June 1942
explain Battle of Midway
Japanese armada of 160 warships
Commander-in-chief Admiral Yamamoto split his force
Japan had 4 aircraft carriers and 11 battleships
U.S. had 3 carriers and no battleships
Americans broke Japanese codes
Admiral Nimitz positioned his 3 carriers
HORNET
ENTERPRISE
YO0RKTOWN
As Japanese launched planes U.S. planes headed for the enemy carriers
U.S. sank 3 Japanese carriers
next day fourth Japanese carrier was sunk
Japanese planes sank the YORKTOWN
In one day Japan lost its bid for control of the Pacific
who were the Admirals involved in the Battle of Midway
US: Admiral Nimitz
Japan: Admiral Yamamoto
how many carriers were involved in Battle of Midway
seven
US: three (HORNET, ENTERPRISE, YORKTOWN)
Japan: four
how many carriers did US lose at Midway
one - YORKTOWN
what carrier did the US lose at Midway
YORKTOWN
when was Guadalcanal
13-15 November 1942
what is significant about 13-15 November 1942
Guadalcanal
what happened at Guadalcanal
US Marines took control of island
Japan lost 8 ships
five Sullivan Brothers died on USS JENEAU
US changed policy on siblings serving together
what ship did the Sullivan brothers die on
USS JENEAU
what battle did the Sullivan brothers die during
Guadalcanal
where were the Sullivan brothers from
Waterloo, Iowa
define acceleration
rate of change of the speed and or velocity of matter with time
what is the rate of change of the speed and or velocity of matter with time
acceleration
define speed
rate of movement in terms of distance measured in an allotted amount of time
what is the rate of movement in terms of distance measured in an allotted amount of time
speed
define velocity
quickness or speed of an object in a given time and direction
what is the quickness or speed of an object in a given time and direction
velocity
explain Newton’s First Law
inertia
object at rest will remain at rest
object in motion will remain in motion
until acted upon by an outside force
what is Newton’s Law of “inertia”
Newton’s First Law
explain Newton’s Second Law
force
object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an external force
change of motion, or acceleration
directly proportional to amount of force
inversely proportional to mass of object
which of Newton’s Laws is “force”
Newton’s Second Law
what is Newton’s Third Law
action and reaction
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
what of Newton’s Laws is “action and reaction”
Newton’s Third Law
how does Bernoulli’s principle apply to flight
relative wind strikes leading edge wing flow of air is split up and down upper surface of wing is curved flow over its surface is disrupted lift is accomplished by difference in airflow across top and bottom of wing
explain lift
force that acts in upward direction
supports aircraft in the air
counteracts effects of weight
must be greater than or equal to weight if flight is to be sustained
what is the force that acts, in an upward direction, to support the aircraft in the air
lift
explain weight
force of gravity acting downward
what is the force of gravity acting downward on the aircraft and everything on the aircraft
weight
explain drag
force that tends to hold aircraft back - resists motion
what is the force that tends to hold aircraft back
drag
explain thrust
force developed by aircraft’s engine
acts in forward direction
must be greater than or equal to drag in order for flight to begin or be sustained
what is the force developed by acft engine
thrust
define Longitudinal Axis
reference line running down the center of the aircraft between the nose and tail
what is the imaginary reference line running down the center of the aircraft between the nose and tail
Longitudinal Axis
what motion is centered on Longitudinal Axis
Roll
define Lateral Axis
imaginary reference line running parallel to the wings
what is the imaginary reference line running parallel to the wings
Lateral Axis
what motion is centered on Lateral Axis
Pitch
Pitch is centered on which axis
Lateral
Roll is centered on which axis
Longitudinal
explain Vertical Axis
imaginary reference line running from the top to the bottom of the aircraft
what is the imaginary reference line running from the top to the bottom of the aircraft
Vertical Axis
what motion is centered around Vertical Axis
Yaw
Yaw is centered around which axis
Vertical Axis
what acft moveable surface affects roll
ailerons
what axis do ailerons affect
longitudinal
what motion do ailerons control
roll
what axis do elevators affect
lateral
what motion do elevators control
pitch
what acft moveable surface affects yaw
rudder
what axis do rudders affect
vertical
what motion do rudders control
yaw
what motion in helos does the cyclic stick control
roll & pitch
what does the cyclic stick do
tilts plane (angle) of rotor blades gives helicopter directional motion by changing direction of lift
what motion in helos does the tail rotor control
yaw
how does a helos tail rotor work
counteracts torque of main rotor
what is the purpose of flaps
creates extra lift
resulting in max lift
reducing takeoff runs and landing rollout
what is the purpose of the spoiler
decrease or spoil wing lift
creates more predictable landing glideslope
what is the purpose of speed brakes
reduce speed of aircraft
what are slats
movable control surfaces attached to the leading edge of the wing
what do slats do
introduces high-energy air into boundary layer over wing
low airspeeds: improves lateral control
allows aircraft to be controlled at
speeds below normal landing speed
what is a collective
main rotor of helicopter w/two or more rotor blades
how does a collective produce lift
rotating blades at high rate
collectively increasing angle of attack or pitch of the rotor blades
what are is the main rotor on a helicopter called
collective
what is the Angle of Attack (AoA)
angle wing or fuselage meets a flow of air
angle between chord line (imaginary line from leading to trailing edge of wing) & relative wind
define relative wind
direction of air stream in relationship to the wing
how is Angle of Attack (AoA) measured
“units” opposed to degrees
what is autorotation
method of allowing helicopter to land safely from altitude without using engine power
how does autorotation
collective lowered allowing reverse airflow through rotor maintains RPM predetermined altitude collective pitch increased converts inertial energy into lift reduces rate of descent, cushioning landing
name the basic acft hydraulic system components
reservoir pump tubing to transmit fluid selector valves to direct flow actuating unit to convert fluid to work
name the basic landing gear components
shock strut assembly tires wheel brake assembly retracting & extending mechanism side struts & supports
what does landing gear shot strut assembly do
absorbs shock instead of airframe absorbing it
what do landing gear tires do
allows aircraft to roll easily
provides traction during takeoff & landing
what does landing gear wheel brake assembly do
slow & stop aircraft
prevent aircraft from rolling while parked
what does landing gear retracting & extending mechanism do
electrically or hydraulically extend and retract the landing gear
what do landing gear side struts & supports do
Provides lateral strength/support for the landing gear
define NALCOMIS
Naval Aviation Logistics Command Management Information System
define OOMA
Optimized Organizational Maintenance Activity
define OIMA
Optimized Intermediate Maintenance Activity