eyot Flashcards
Male Reproductive System
Testes: Produce sperm and testosterone.
Epididymis: Stores sperm as they mature.
Sperm Duct: Transports mature sperm to the urethra.
Seminal Vesicles: Produce seminal fluid to nourish sperm.
Prostate Gland: Adds a fluid that protects the sperm.
Urethra: Conducts urine and semen outside the body.
Penis: Delivers sperm into the female reproductive system.
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
Fallopian Tubes: Transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization.
Uterus: Houses and nourishes the developing fetus.
Endometrium: Lining of the uterus that thickens to prepare for a fertilized egg.
Cervix: Lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.
Vagina: Birth canal and the receptacle for the penis during intercourse.
Sperm Cell System
Tail (Flagellum): Propels the sperm towards the egg.
Midpiece: Packed with mitochondria to provide energy for movement.
Acrosome: Contains enzymes to penetrate the egg.
Egg Cell Info
Size and Nutrients: Larger size to store nutrients necessary for the early stages of embryo development.
Protective Layer: Zona pellucida protects the egg and facilitates sperm binding.
Cytoplasm: Rich in mitochondria to provide energy.
Journey of Sperm to Egg
Ejaculation: Sperm is released into the vagina.
Cervix and Uterus: Sperm swims through the cervix into the uterus.
Fallopian Tubes: Sperm travels to the fallopian tubes where fertilization occurs.
Genetic Information in Gametes
Haploid Cells: Both sperm and egg cells contain half the number of chromosomes (23 each) needed for human development. When they fuse during fertilization, they form a diploid cell (46 chromosomes).
Fertilization Process
Fusion: Sperm penetrates the egg’s protective layer, and their nuclei fuse, combining genetic material.
What happenes after the sperm enters the egg?
Sperm Entry: Sperm head fuses with the egg membrane.
Cortical Reaction: Egg prevents entry of additional sperm.
Zygote Formation: Nuclei fuse to form a zygote.
Structures in a Pregnant Uterus
Placenta: Provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, removes waste.
Amniotic Fluid: Cushions and protects the fetus.
Exchange Between Mother and Fetus
Nutrients and Oxygen: Pass from mother’s blood to fetus.
Waste Products: Pass from fetus to mother’s blood for disposal.
Nutrition for Newborn
Breastfeeding: Provides essential nutrients and antibodies.
Birth Process
Cervix Dilation: Muscles relax, cervix widens.
Uterus Contractions: Push the fetus out.
Delivery: Baby is born, usually head first.
Afterbirth: Placenta is expelled.
Twin Production
Identical Twins: One fertilized egg splits into two embryos.
Nonidentical Twins: Two separate eggs are fertilized by two different sperm.
Contraceptive Methods
Barrier Methods: Condoms, diaphragms.
Hormonal Methods: Pills, patches.
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Copper or hormonal devices placed in the uterus.
Sterilization: Tubal ligation, vasectomy.
Puberty and Reproductive Maturity
Females: Breast development, body hair growth, body shape changes.
Males: Voice changes, body and facial hair growth, muscle development
