Eyes, ears, mouth Flashcards

1
Q

What is an S2 treatment option for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Propamidine

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2
Q

What are some referral points for conjunctivitis?

A

Glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, contact lense user, recent eye surgery, age <2

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3
Q

What prescription medication can be given for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, framycetin) or quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin)

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4
Q

What medications can be used in allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Antihistamines (azelastine, ketotifen, levocabastine), mast cell stabilisers (cromoglycate, lodoxamide), combination (olopatadine S4), NSAIDS (diclofenac, ketorolac S4), corticosteroids (dexamethasone, fluorometholone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone S4)

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5
Q

What can be used for acute diffuse otitis externa?

A

Corticosteroids +/- antifungal or antibacterial: dexamethasone /framycetin/ gramicidin; flumethasone with clioqunol, ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone etc; oral antihistamines (loratadine, fexofenadine), pain relief (benzocaine +phenazone), paracetamol, ibuprofen

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6
Q

What can be used for acute localised otitis externa?

A

Systemic antibiotics - di/flucloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin

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7
Q

What drugs or combinations to avoid when suspecting damage to the tympanic membrane?

A

Aminoglycosides - neomycin, framycetin
Hydrocortisone/ciprofloxacin
Cerumenolytics
Local analgesics

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8
Q

What drugs are safer in suspected damage to tympanic membrane?

A

Ciproprofloxacin alone
Chloramphenicol
Clioquinol/flumethasone
Acetic acid

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of otitis media?

A

Viral infection after a cold. Sometimes, there is a bacterial infection.

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10
Q

When do you treat otitis media?

A

Only if there are systemic symptoms or in Aboriginal and Torres Strait populations, immunocompromised and children <6m

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11
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media in children with systemic symptoms?

A

Amoxycillin; or amoxycillin + clavulanic acid

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12
Q

What is glue ear?

A

Persistent otitis media with no further systemic symptoms that lasts up to 3 months. Children will have effusion, a liquid discharge from ear.

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13
Q

What is the standard treatment for glue ear?

A

Antibiotics for the acute infection or grommets if risk of hearing loss.

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14
Q

What is a risk of barotrauma?

A

altitude changes: flying, diving

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15
Q

What is Meniere’s Disease

A

Increased pressure in the labyrinth causing vertigo, tinnitus and nausea

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16
Q

What can be used to manage Meniere’s Disease?

A

prochlorperazine or antihistamines, betahistine

17
Q

What products can be used to prevent gingivitis?

A

Chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride mouth wash

18
Q

What can be used to manage aphthous ulcers?

A

Barrier paste (orabase), chlorhexidine mouth wash, benzydamine (anti inflammatory) mouth gel, choline salicylate topical analgesic, benzocaine/lignocaine gel, triamcinolone in orabase gel (s3)

19
Q

When to refer a mouth ulcer?

A

Uneven coloration, no discomfort, first ulcer, >14 days, >1cm, occurs often, other signs of illness

20
Q

What medicines can be used for Herpes simplex?

A

Aciclovir, penciclovir, idoxuridine (topical, S2)
Famciclovir (S3) single dose
Valaciclovir, aciclovir (S4) oral