Eyes, ears, mouth Flashcards
What is an S2 treatment option for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Propamidine
What are some referral points for conjunctivitis?
Glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, contact lense user, recent eye surgery, age <2
What prescription medication can be given for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, framycetin) or quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin)
What medications can be used in allergic conjunctivitis?
Antihistamines (azelastine, ketotifen, levocabastine), mast cell stabilisers (cromoglycate, lodoxamide), combination (olopatadine S4), NSAIDS (diclofenac, ketorolac S4), corticosteroids (dexamethasone, fluorometholone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone S4)
What can be used for acute diffuse otitis externa?
Corticosteroids +/- antifungal or antibacterial: dexamethasone /framycetin/ gramicidin; flumethasone with clioqunol, ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone etc; oral antihistamines (loratadine, fexofenadine), pain relief (benzocaine +phenazone), paracetamol, ibuprofen
What can be used for acute localised otitis externa?
Systemic antibiotics - di/flucloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin
What drugs or combinations to avoid when suspecting damage to the tympanic membrane?
Aminoglycosides - neomycin, framycetin
Hydrocortisone/ciprofloxacin
Cerumenolytics
Local analgesics
What drugs are safer in suspected damage to tympanic membrane?
Ciproprofloxacin alone
Chloramphenicol
Clioquinol/flumethasone
Acetic acid
What is the most common cause of otitis media?
Viral infection after a cold. Sometimes, there is a bacterial infection.
When do you treat otitis media?
Only if there are systemic symptoms or in Aboriginal and Torres Strait populations, immunocompromised and children <6m
What is the treatment for otitis media in children with systemic symptoms?
Amoxycillin; or amoxycillin + clavulanic acid
What is glue ear?
Persistent otitis media with no further systemic symptoms that lasts up to 3 months. Children will have effusion, a liquid discharge from ear.
What is the standard treatment for glue ear?
Antibiotics for the acute infection or grommets if risk of hearing loss.
What is a risk of barotrauma?
altitude changes: flying, diving
What is Meniere’s Disease
Increased pressure in the labyrinth causing vertigo, tinnitus and nausea