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Minor Ailments > Eyes, ears and oral health > Flashcards

Eyes, ears and oral health Flashcards

1
Q

Conjunctivitis

A
  • Irritation and itching
  • Grittiness in the eye
  • Watering or discharge
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2
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • Yellow white discharge
  • Bilateral infection
  • Absence of itching
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3
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

A
  • Bilateral
  • Itchy eyes
  • Clear watery discharge
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4
Q

Danger symptoms of conjunctivitis

A
  • Conjunctivitis symptoms in a baby under 28 days old require urgent medical attention (999)
  • Pregnancy and children under the age of 2 require routine referral to GP
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5
Q

Treatment options for infective conjunctivitis

A
  1. Chloramphenicol eye drops and ointments
    - Apply drops every 2 hours for the first 2 days, then every 4 hours thereafter continuing for 5 days even if the symptoms improve
    - Ointment should be applied three-four times daily for 5 days
    - Not used in pregnancy, breastfeeding or children under the age of 2
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6
Q

Treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis

A
  1. Topical anti-histamines i.e. Otrivine-anistin
  2. Topical mast cell stabilisers i.e. Sodium cromoglicate
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7
Q

Practical tips for conjunctivitis

A
  • Avoid contact lens wear during infection and for 24 hours after treatment is completed
  • Wash hands after touching the eye
  • Avoid sharing the towel and pillows
  • Cold compresses may help soothe the eye
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8
Q

Dry Eye

A
  • Tear deficiency
  • Affects both eyes usually
  • Irritation or grittiness in the eye
  • Excessive tearing or watery eyes
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9
Q

Treatment options for dry eyes

A
  • Hypromellose - 1/2 drops in each eye three times a day. Keep eyes closed for a minute or two.
  • Lubricant eye ointments (Lacri lube)
  • Optrex
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10
Q

Practical tips for dry eyes

A
  • Soak cotton wool in boiled and cooled water to clean eyelids for 2-3 minutes
  • A cotton bud used to clean the edge of the lower lid to remove any crusts.
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11
Q

Mouth ulcers

A
  • Painful, shallow, rounded and clearly defined lesions
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12
Q

Danger symptoms of mouth ulcers

A
  • Lasting longer than 3 weeks requires routine referral
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13
Q

Treatment options for mouth ulcers

A
  • Topical corticosteroids - Hydrocortisone muco adhesive buccal tablets sucked and allowed to slowly dissolve in the mouth in contact with the ulcer 4 times a day
  • Local analgesics - Difflam mouthwash or spray or Bonjela applied every 3 hours (max 6 applications) not suitable for anyone under 16
  • Antiseptic mouthwashes i.e. chlorhexidine
  • Mechanical protection i.e. Aloclair mouthwash
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14
Q

Practical tips for mouth ulcers

A
  • Use a softer toothbrush
  • Suggest a visit to the dentist
  • If there are obvious food causes avoid them
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15
Q

Dry mouth

A
  • Difficulty eating or speaking
  • Can occur as a side effect to certain medications
  • Breathing through the mouth
  • Anxiety
  • Dehydration
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16
Q

Danger symptoms of dry mouth

A
  • If the patient has dry eyes, dry mouth or vaginal dryness they need to referred to their GP
17
Q

Treatment options for dry mouth

A

Artifical saliva

18
Q

Practical tips for dry mouth

A
  • Take frequent sips of cold water or suck on an ice cube
  • Sugar free chewing stimulates production of saliva
  • Cut down on tea, coffee, cola or alcohol
  • Petroleum jelly to lips to prevent drying and cracking
19
Q

Oral thrush

A
  • Sore and painful mouth
  • Burning tongue
  • Altered taste
  • White discrete plaques on buccal mucosa, throat, tongue or gums
20
Q

Treatment options for oral thrush

A
  1. Miconazole oral 2% gel to be used after food and drink and to be held in the mouth for as long as possible until 2 days after the infection has cleared up
21
Q

Practical tips for oral thrush

A
  • Dentures should be removed before treatment
  • Rinse mouth with water after using a corticosteroid inhaler
  • Diabetics
22
Q

Axial cheilitis

A
  • Cracked fissures in the corners of the mouth
  • May crust and bleed
  • often painful
23
Q

Treatment options for axial cheilitis

A
  1. Clotrimazole 1% cream
    - If symptoms do not improve within 1 week then refer to GP
24
Q

Practical tips for axial cheilitis

A
  • Avoid licking your lips
  • Use paraffin based lip balm
  • If poorly fitted dentures are the cause, see your dentist to get them refitted
  • Improve dental hygeine
25
Q

Treatment options for sore throat

A
  1. OTC analgesics i.e. paracetamol, ibuprofen
  2. Local anaesthetics i.e. benzocaine, lidocaine in sprays or throat lozenges
  3. Glycerin, honey and lemon preparations
  4. Gargle with salt water

Minor Ailments (7 decks)

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