Eyes & Ears Flashcards
AD
Right Ear
AS
Left ear
AU
Both Ears
OD
Right Eye
OS
Left Eye
OU
Both eyers
1 drop = ____ mL
0.05 mL
Could ear drops ever be used in the eye?
NO
What is glaucome?
Increase in IOP
Damage to the Optic Nerve
Loss of visual field
What are drugs that can cause increase in IOP?
Anticholinergics (antihistamines, oxybutynin, benztropine, scopolamine, TCA)
Decongestants
Steroids
Topiramate (Topamax)
What are the two main ways we decrease IOP in glaucoma?
Prostaglandin analogues
-increase aqueous humor outflow
-used only ONCE daily
Betablockers
-preferable if it is only in one eye
-reduces aqueous humor production
Others:
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (reduce production)
EX: dorzolamide
-alpha-2 antagonists (both increase outflow and decrease production)
Prostaglandin anaglogs
Lumigan (bimatoprost)
Xalatan (latanoprost)
Travatan (travoprost)
Warning: darkening of the iris and increase eyelash numbers and thickness
SE: blurred visioin, stinging
Which PG analogue must you refridgerate before opening
Lantaoprost (Xalatan)
Lumigan
Bimatoprost
Xalatan
Latanoprost
Travatan Z
Travoprost
Latisse
Bimatoprost
indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis to induce eyelash growth
Timoptic
Timolol
Beta Blockers decrease aqueous humor production
SE: burning, bradycardia, bronchospasm
***NONSELECTIVE
Cosopt
Timolol + Dorzolamide
*both reduce the production of aqueous humor to decrease IOP
Warning: sulfa allergy
Brimonidine
Alpha 2 agonist
reduces production, increases outflow
A patient was diagnosed with glaucoma of the right eye (AD).
PMH: HTN
What would be your recommendation?
Timolol because PG analogues will darken the iris and thicken the eyelashes on only one eye
A patient was diagnosed with glaucoma of OU.
PMH: asthma
What would be your recommendation?
PG analogue because BB could exacerbate asthma or COPD
options:
- Latanoprost (Xalatan)
- Bimatoprost (Lumigan)
- Travaprost (Travatan)
What are some treatments for bacterial conjuctivitis?
Moxifoxacin (Vigamox)
Neomycin / Polymyxin B / Dexamethasone (Maxitrol)
Trimethoprim / Polymyxin B (Polytrim)
**coverage of Staph aureus
What are some treatment options for allergic conjuctivitis?
Antihistamines:
Azelastine
Olopatadine (Pataday)
Antihist/mast cell stabilizer
Keotifen (Alaway, Zaditor)
What eye drop can be used for chronic dry eyes?
Cyclosporine (Restasis)
What eye drops can be used for inflammation?
Steroids
Pred Forte
NSAIDs
Ketorolac (Acular)
What eye drops can be used for acute dryness?
Refresh or Systane
“Artificial Tears”
What eye drops can treat red eyes?
Naphazoline
Naphazole/Pheniramine (Naphcon)
Tetrahydrozoline (Visine)
What is a common treatment of cerumen?
Ear wax
Debrox - carbamide peroxide
Common drugs that effect vision
Retinal changes:
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Optic neuropathy
Linezolide
Ethamutol
Amiodarone
IFIS during cataract surgery
Alpha blockers (Tamsulosin)
Color discimination
Digoxin
PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil)
Voriconazole
Vision loss
Digoxin
PDE-5
Isotretinoin
Topiramate
Vigatrin
Voriconazole
