Eyes and Ears

Question 1

3 bacteria most commonly associated with bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 1

1. Staph aureus
2. Strep pneumoniae
3. H. influenzae

Question 2

20 eye drops is equal to how many mL

Answer 2

20 drops = 1mL

Question 3

The CDC recommends all newborn infants receive prophylactic administration of ____ within 1 hour of birth to prevent ____

Answer 3

erythromycin ointment to prevent gonococcal conjunctivitis

Question 4

MOA of prostaglandin analogs for glaucoma

Answer 4

reduce IOP by increasing outflow of aqueous humor

Question 5

what unique indication is bimatroprost FDA-approved for

Answer 5

hypotrichosis of the eyelashes

Question 6

Do not use vasoconstrictor eye drops for more than 72 hours due to concern for what

Answer 6

rebound redness

Question 7

which 2 classes of medications should only be prescribed by an ophthalmologist

Answer 7

NSAIDs and Steroids

Question 8

what bacteria is the most common cause of acute otitis externa

Answer 8

pseudomonas

Question 9

what class of otic abx are most effective at treating pseudamonas

Answer 9

fluoroquinolones

Question 10

what form of medication is preferred for the treatment of acute otitis externa when the tympanic membrane is ruptured

Answer 10

suspension NOT solution

Question 11

what is the role of otic steroids in the treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

Answer 11

anti-inflammatory/pain control

Question 12

MOA of carbamide peroxide

Answer 12

releases hydrogen peroxide, which softens impacted cerumen due to foaming action

Question 13

Medications for bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 13

1. Fluoroquinolones (Cipro)
2. Sulfacetamide
3. Erythromycin
4. Polymyxin B + trimethoprim

Question 14

which bacterial conjunctivitis medication has poor coverage of H. influenzae

Answer 14

Sulfacetamide

Question 15

Prostaglandin analog medications

Answer 15

1. Bimatoprost
2. latanoprost
3. latanoprostene
4. tafluprost
5. travoprost

Question 16

Prostaglandin analogs ADE

Answer 16

altered iris pigmentation, hypertrichosis, hyperpigmentation of lids and lashes

Question 17

Prostaglandin analogs reduce IOP by what percentage

Answer 17

25-35%

Question 18

ocular beta-blocker medications

Answer 18

1.Betaxolol
2. timolol

Question 19

ocular beta-blockers MOA

Answer 19

decrease aqueous humor production

Question 20

ocular beta-blockers reduce IOP by what percentage

Answer 20

20-25%

Question 21

1 drop of timolol into each eye is equivalent to ____ orally

Answer 21

10mg

Question 22

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors medications

Answer 22

1. Acetazolamide - oral
2. brinzolamide - drops
3. dorzolamide - drops

Question 23

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors MOA

Answer 23

decreases production of aqueous humor

Question 24

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease IOP by what percentage

Answer 24

oral- 20-25%
drops- 15-20%

Question 25

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ADE

Answer 25

orals- diuretic properties- monitor K and NA
drops- burning, stinging, metallic taste

Question 26

ocular vasoconstrictors medications

Answer 26

1. naphazoline
2. tetrahydrozoline
3. oxymetazoline
4. phenylephrine

Question 27

ocular vasoconstrictors MOA

Answer 27

reduce redness by acting as local vasoconstrictors in the eye

Question 28

Cyclosporine (Restasis) is approved for what

Answer 28

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Question 29

Cyclosporine (Restasis) MOA

Answer 29

reduces inflammation in tear glands

Question 30

Cyclosporine (Restasis) ADE

Answer 30

may take several months (6) to work, burning and pain with application

Question 31

what medication can be used as a prophylaxis for acute otitis externa

Answer 31

isopropyl alcohol-glycerin drops

Question 32

Ceruminolytic medication

Answer 32

carbamide peroxide (debrox)

Question 33

carbamide peroxide (debrox) MOA

Answer 33

releases hydrogen peroxide which softens impacted cerumen due to foaming action

Question 34

ophthalmic steroid medications

Answer 34

1. betamethasone
2. dexamethasone
3. fluocinolone
4. prednisolone
5. triamcinolone