Eyes and Ears Flashcards
What is the difference between an opthalmoscopy and tonometry?
Magnifies and allows visual of the retina
Puff of air blown into the eye – measures pressure of the intraocular space
What is the leading cause of visual impairments in Canadians above 45?
Refractive errors
What are cataracts? What are the seven causes?
An area of opacity within the lens
Caused by - Aging, trauma to the eye, infection, congenital, radiation or UV exposure, medications (improper medication), ocular inflammation
What are the 3 clinical manifestations of cataracts?
Clouding of the lens, resulting in blurred, decreased vision
Abnormal colour perception
glared vision (may be worsened at night due to pupil dilation)
What are the surgical and nonsurgical treatments of cataracts?
Nonsurgical - change of eye prescription and enhancing light
Surgical - lens is removed and replaced with a new one
What are mydriatic eye drops? What are they used for?
Increase the size of pupils, which provides a larger surface to inspect with the opthalmoscope
What is timolol maleate? Side effects/cautions?
Beta adrenergic blocker that reduces the IOP by reducing aqueous humour formation - for open-angle glaucoma
Risk of additive therapeutic or adverse effects when given with systemically administered beta blockers for cardiovascular system
Define glaucoma
Elevated intraocular pressure that may result in atrophy of the optic nerve - results in decreased vision
What is the difference between primary open-angle and primary angle-closure glaucoma?
Primary open-angle glaucoma – most common type, where the outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in the trabecular meshwork, drainage channels become clogged, and damage to optic nerve can result
Primary angle-closure glaucoma – due to a reduction in the outflow of aqueous humor that results from angle closure
What are the clinical manifestations of glaucoma?
Peripheral vision begins to dissipate - creating a sense of tunnel vision
Develops slowly and without symptoms of pain or pressure
What is acute angle-closure glaucoma? How is it treated?
A medical emergency of sudden closure - symptoms include sudden excruciating pain of the eye, intense migraines, ocular redness, nausea and vomiting, halo around lights (changing of pressure)
Usually treated with surgery
What are the symptoms of chronic open angle glaucoma?
Blurred vision, halos, and eyebrow pain
What is the interprofessional care of chronic open angle glaucoma?
Dilating the internal parts of the eye to maintain an open area for the fluid to drain appropriately
How would the ear look normally under otoscope and with infection?
Normal - Should be pearly white
Infection - bulging, red, and inflamed
What group has the highest rate of childhood ear infections that cause long-term hearing impairments in adulthood?
Indigenous population in southern AB
