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HISTOLOGY > Eyes And Ears > Flashcards

Eyes And Ears Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Retina

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2
Q

Bathes the iris and the lens and fill the anterior chamber between the cornea and iris and the posterior chamber between the iris and lens

A

AQUEOUS HUMOR

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3
Q

Lies behind the lens and its zonular fibers and contains a large gelatinous mass of transparent connective tissue called the vitreous body.

A

VITREOUS CHAMBER

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4
Q

The posterior vitreous chamber, surrounded by the retina, lies behind the lens and its zonular fibers and contains a large gelatinous mass of transparent connective tissue called the _________.

A

VITREOUS BODY

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5
Q

The ________ layer, external layer of the eyeball protects the more delicate internal structures and provides sites for muscle insertion.

A

FIBROUS

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6
Q

The white posterior five-sixths of the fibrous layer of the eye

A

SCLERA

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7
Q

Collagen type of sclera

A

TYPE I

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8
Q

Muscles that moves the eye and inserts into the anterior region of the sclera

A

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE

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9
Q

Posteriorly the sclera thickens to approximately 1 mm and joins with the epineurium covering the optic nerve. Where it surrounds the choroid, the sclera includes an inner ___________.

A

SUPRACHOROID LAMINA

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10
Q

Anterior one-sixth of the eye

A

CORNEA

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11
Q

Epithelium of cornea

A

NON-KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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12
Q

True or False: The BASAL CELLS have a high proliferative capacity important for renewal and repair of the corneal surface

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Basal cells of the corneal surface emerge from stem cells in the ________ that encircles the cornea.

A

CORNEOSCLERAL LIMBUS

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14
Q

True or False: Corneal epithelium also has one of the richest sensory nerve supplies of any tissue.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Contributes to the stability and strength of the cornea, helping to protect against infection of the underlying stroma.

A

BOWMAN MEMBRANE

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16
Q

Also known as SUBSTANTIA PROPRIA and makes up 90% of the cornea’s thickness.

A

STROMA

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17
Q

Stroma consists of approximately 60 layers of (PARALLEL OR PERPENDICULAR) collagen bundles aligned at approximately right angles to each other and extending almost the full diameter of the cornea.

A

PARALLEL

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18
Q

This contributes to the transparency of the stroma of the cornea.

A

The uniform orthogonal array of collagen fibrils

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19
Q

Located between the collagen lamellae are cytoplasmic extensions of flattened fibroblast-like cells called _____.

A

KERATOCYTES

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20
Q

Help maintain the precise organization and spacing of the collagen fibrils.

A

Ground substance which contains proteoglycans such as lumican, with keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

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21
Q

Corneal layer located posteriorly of the stroma which supports the internal simple squamous corneal endothelium

A

DESCEMET’S MEMBRANE

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22
Q

Largely responsible for regulating the proper hydration state of the corneal stroma to provide maximal transparency and optimal light refraction.

A

Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the basolateral membranes

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23
Q

Encircles the cornea. Transitional area where the transparent cornea merges with the opaque sclera.

A

LIMBUS

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24
Q

At the limbus, Bowman membrane ends and the surface epithelium becomes more stratified as the ________ that covers the anterior part of the sclera (and lines the eyelids)

A

CONJUNCTIVA

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25
Q

True or False: Epithelial stem cells located at the limbus surface give rise to rapidly dividing progenitor cells that move centripetally into the corneal epithelium.

A

TRUE

26
Q

At the limbus Descemet᾿s membrane and its simple endothelium are replaced with a system of irregular endothelium-lined channels called the _______.

A

TRABECULAR MESHWORK

27
Q

Trabecular meshwork penetrates the stroma at the corneoscleral junction and allow slow, continuous drainage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber. This fluid moves from these channels into the adjacent larger space of the _________.

A

Canal of Schlemm

28
Q

Three parts of the uvea

A

CHOROID
CILIARY BODY
IRIS

29
Q

Located in the posterior two-thirds of the eye, the choroid consists of loose, well-vascularized connective tissue and contains numerous melanocytes.

A

CHOROID

30
Q

This inner part of the choroid has a rich microvasculature important for nutrition of the outer retinal layers.

A

choroidocapillary lamina

31
Q

Thin extracellular sheet, is composed of collagen and elastic fibers surrounding the adjacent microvasculature and basal lamina of the retina’s pigmented layer.

A

BRUCH MEMBRANE

32
Q

The anterior expansion of the uvea that encircles the lens, lies posterior to the limbus

A

Ciliary body

33
Q

Contraction of these muscles affects the shape of the lens and is important in visual accommodation

A

Ciliary muscle

34
Q

Epithelium of ciliary process

A

Low columnar epithelium / ciliary epithelium

35
Q

Aqueous humor is secreted by _________ into the _______ chamber, flows through the pupil into the________ chamber, and drains at the angle formed by the cornea and the iris into the channels of the trabecular meshwork and the scleral venous sinus, from which it enters venules of the sclera.

A

Ciliary process
Posterior
anterior

36
Q

Ciliary zonule is composed of

A

Fibrillin-1 and 2

37
Q

The most anterior extension of the middle uveal layer which covers part of the lens, leaving a round central pupil .

A

Iris

38
Q

The anterior surface of the iris, exposed to aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, consists of a dense layer of with interdigitating processes and is unusual for its lack of an epithelial covering

A

fibroblasts and melanocytes

39
Q

True or False: T he posterior surface of the iris has a three-layered epithelium continuous with that covering the ciliary processes, but very heavily filled with melanin.

A

False, two-layered epithelium

40
Q

True or False: The highly pigmented anterior epithelium of the iris blocks all light from entering the eye except that passing through the pupil.

A

False, posterior

41
Q

Myoepithelial cells form a partially pigmented epithelial layer and extend contractile processes radially as the very thin _________ muscle.

A

Dilator pupillae

42
Q

Smooth muscle fibers form a circular bundle near the pupil as the _________ muscle

A

sphincter pupillae

43
Q

Parasympathetic or Sympathetic
Dilator pupillae muscle:
Sphincter pupillae muscle:

A

Sympathetic- dilates the pupil

Parasympathetic- constricts the pupil

44
Q

_________ of the iris stroma provide the color of one’s eyes

A

Melanocytes

45
Q

__________ is a transparent biconvex structure suspended immediately behind the iris, which focuses light on the retina

A

Lens

46
Q

Collagen type of lens capsule

A

Type IV

47
Q

Provides the place of attachment for the fibers of the ciliary zonule

A

Lens capsule ‘

48
Q

Lens epithelium is composed of ______ cells

A

Single layer of cuboidal (anterior surface only)

49
Q

True or False: At the posterior edge of lens epithelium, near the equator of the lens, the epithelial cells divide to provide new cells that differentiate as lens fibers. This process allows for growth of the lens and continues at a slow, decreasing rate near the equator of the lens throughout adult life.

A

True

50
Q

True or False: Lens fibers develops from lens epithelium.

A

True

51
Q

This fills the cytoplasm of lens fiber

A

Crystallin

52
Q

True or False: Lens fibers are packed loosely together and form a perfectly transparent tissue highly specialized for light refraction.

A

False, tightly

53
Q

The lens is held in place by fibers of the _________.

A

Ciliary zonule

54
Q

When the eye is at rest or gazing at distant objects, ciliary muscles_______ and to focus on a close object the ciliary muscles ______

A

Relax

Contract

55
Q

Condition that normally causes the lenses to lose elasticity and their ability to undergo accommodation.

A

PRESBYOPIA

56
Q

It occupies the large vitreous chamber behind the lens. It consists of transparent, gellike connective tissue that is 99% water (vitreous humor)

A

Vitreous body

57
Q

The only cells in the vitreous body which synthesize the hyaluronate and collagen, and a few macrophages.

A

Hyalocytes

58
Q

Layers of retina

A

Outer pigmented layer

Inner neural layer

59
Q

Epithelium of pigmented layer of retina

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

60
Q

Retinal layer that is thick and stratified with various neurons and photoreceptors.

A

Neural layer

HISTOLOGY (3 decks)

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