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Eyes > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle controls the closing of thee eyelid and what innervates it

A

Orbicularis oculi muscle

Facial nerve

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2
Q

What innervates the eyelid closing muscles

A

Oculomotor, facial nerve and some sympathetic innervation

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3
Q

What is the function of the meibomian glands

A

Produce meibum (lipid part of the tear film)

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4
Q

What is the function of the eyelid

A
  • Protects eye from trauma

- Blinking distributes tear film and removes debris from ocular surface

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5
Q

What is the function of tear film

A

Provides nutrition and hydration of the ocular surface

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6
Q

What is the function of the nasolacrimal system

A

Drains tear film

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7
Q

Define entropion

A

Inward turning of all or parts of the eye margin

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8
Q

Define Ectropion

A

Outward turning of the rim of the eyelid

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9
Q

List conditions of the cilia

A
  • Distichiasis
  • Ectopic cilia
  • Trichiasis
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10
Q

Define Distichiasis

A

Extra eyelashes emerging from meibomian gland orifices

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11
Q

Define ectopic cilia

A

Cilia arise from follicle inside or near meibomian gland and emerge through the conjunctiva surface of eyelid

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12
Q

Define Trichiasis

A

Normally located cilia but abnormally directed hair which contact the ocular surface

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13
Q

What is the function of the third eyelid

A
  • Protects ocular surface
  • Distributes tear film and removes debris
  • Contains immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells
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14
Q

What are the layers of tear film

A

Lipid
Aqueous
Mucin

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15
Q

Origin of the lipid part of the tear film

A

Meibomian glands

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16
Q

Origin of the aqueous part of tear film

A

Orbital and nictitans glands

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17
Q

Origin of muni part of tear film

A

Conjunctival goblet cells

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18
Q

Function of tear film

A

-provides nutrients to the ocular surface
-protects the ocular surface from desiccation and bacteria
-lubrictes the ocular surface
Provides smooth transient ocular surface

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19
Q

Describe the anatomy of the cornea

A
  • stratified, squamous non-keratinised epithelium
  • basement membrane
  • collagenous stroma
  • Descement’s membrane
  • endothelium
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20
Q

How is corneal transparency maintained

A

Low cell density
Relatively dehydrated state
Smooth optical surface
Lacks keratinisation, blood vessels and melanin
Very regular arrangement of collagen fibrils

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21
Q

What is keratoconjunctivitis

A

Dry Eye

Is a local immune mediated destruction of orbital and nictitans lacrimal glands

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22
Q

What is a corneal ulcer

A

Disruption of the corneal epithelium and stroma

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23
Q

How do stromal corneal ulcers heal

A

Healing of the storma starts after cornel epithelium is healed
Fibroblasts migrate in and new collagen is laid down
Vascularisation occurs causing scar tissue to be formed

24
Q

What makes up the anterior uvea

A

Iris and ciliary body

25
Q

What makes up the posterior uvea

A

Choroid

26
Q

What is the function of the iris

A

Controls the amount of light entering the eye and forms part of the blood-ocular barrier

27
Q

What is the function of thee ciliary body

A

Controls accommodation and produces aqueous humour, anchors lens, makes up part of the blood aqueous barrier

28
Q

Name the 5 layers of the choroid

A 
Suprachoroidiae
Large vessel layer 
Medium vessel layer 
Choriocapillaris 
Bruch’s membrane
29
Q

What is the function of the choroid

A

Blood supply for retina
Part of blood ocular barrier
Includes the tapetum

30
Q

What makes up the blood ocular barrier

A

Blood aqueous Barrier and blood retina barrier

31
Q

What is uveitis

A

Inflammation of the uvea

32
Q

How is aqueous humour produced

A

Is produced by the ciliary processes by diffusion, ultrafiltration and active secretion

33
Q

How is aqueous humor drained

A

By the uveal trabecular mesh work

34
Q

What is a glaucoma

A

Where increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

35
Q

Describe posterior lens luxation

A

Is when the lens moves backwards into the eye

36
Q

Describe anterior lens luxation

A

When the lens moves forward and can block the flow of aqueous humour and can cause secondary glaucoma

37
Q

What causes lens luxation

A

The zonule fibres weaken and break causing lens luxation

38
Q

What causes the development of cataracts

A

When the amount of protein in the composition of the lens changes

39
Q

Define exophthalmos

A

Anterior displacement of the globe (bulging or protruding eyeballs )

40
Q

Define enophthalmos

A

Posterior displacement of globe

41
Q

Define hydrophthalmos

A

Congenital glaucoma

42
Q

Define microphthalmos

A

A severe developmental disorder of the eye which one or both eyes are abnormally small and have atomic malformations

43
Q

Define anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil size

44
Q

Define miosis

A

Excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye

45
Q

Define mydriasis

A

Dilation of the pupil of the eye

46
Q

Define strabismus

A

Abnormal alignment of the eyes (the condition of having a squint)

47
Q

Define nystagmus

A

Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes

48
Q

What are the important retinal layers

A 
Nerve fibre layer
Ganglion cell layer 
Outer nuclear layer
Photoreceptors layer 
Retinal pigments epithelium
49
Q

How many layers make up the retina

A

10

50
Q

What is the fundus

A

The portion of the posterior segment of the eye that is viewed with the ophthalmoscope

51
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the eyelids

A

Trigeminal nerve

52
Q

What tear producing gland is present at e base of the third eyelid

A

Nictitans gland

53
Q

What is the purpose of the lipid layer of the tear film

A

Limits evaporation from the surface

54
Q

From where do corneal stem cells originate

A

Limbus

55
Q

How would you differentiate nuclear sclerosis from a cataract

A

Distant direct ophthalmology

56
Q

From where does the developing lens (in the foetus) obtain its nutrition

A

Tunica vasulosa lentis

57
Q

What are the black masses suspended from the edge of the pupil in the horse eye

A

Corpora nigra

Eyes (1 decks)

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