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Foundations II > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

most likely Dx of red eye? and TX?

A

Allergic conjunctivitis. Cold compression, Oral and Drops Antihistamine

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2
Q

Blepharitis definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

Chronic inflammation of the meibomian (posterior) glands or S. aureus infection.
PE: Red eyes, gritty, FB, excess tears, photophobia, diplobia, collarettes (crust).
Tx: Warm compression, Lip massage and hygiene, topical antibiotic (omega 3 oil)

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3
Q

Blepharitis Complications

A

Periorbital cellulitis: infection of soft tissue not extending to orbit.
Orbital Cellulitis: emergency, infection of fat and EOMs

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4
Q

Periorbital cellulitis definition, causes, PE, Dx, Tx

A

Blepharitis, insect, FB.
PE: No ptosis, vision change, fever, pain with movement or opthalmoplegia. Eye pain and swelling.
Dx: CBC, blood/ discharge cultures, CT of orbit.
Tx: outpatient, empiric (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, MRSA). If not MRSA = amox-clavulanic acid
If MRSA = Bactrim, Clindamycin,

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5
Q

Orbital Cellulitis definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

extension of infection from paranasal sinuese (ethmoid).
PE: Eye pain, swelling, vision change, fever, pain with movement, proptosis (eye bulging), ophthalmoplegia, conjuctivitis
Dx: CBC, blood/ discharge cultures, CT of orbit
Tx: Hospitalization, consult, IV vanco, ceftriaxone

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6
Q

Dacryocystitis definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

Lacrimal sac infection from 2nd nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Tx: agressive antibiotics

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7
Q

Subconjuctival hemorrage definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

non emergent: blood under conjuctiva due to vessel rupture. couge, sneeze, valsalva. 2-4 weeks self resolve.

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8
Q

Hyphema definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

anterior chamber bleed. Increase IOP, Acute onset pain, photophobia N/V.
Tx: referal, bed rest, control IOP, oral diuretic. t

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9
Q

Corneal FB definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

FB on Cornea, something in my eye.
PE: pain, inability to open eye, irrigation.
Dx: stain with Fluorescein

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10
Q

viral conjunctivitis & Tx

A

Adenovirus = pharyngitis

Tx: cold compression

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11
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis Dx Tx

A

S. penumoniae, H. flu, pseudomonas. coppious disharge, Eyes Matted Shut.
Tx: Erythromucin, Fluoroquinolones

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12
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

Tx

A

Bilateral, seasonal, chemosis

Tx: cold compression, antihistamines

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13
Q

Entropion
Ectropion
Pingueculum
pterygium

A

lid falling in
lid flopping
non emergency growth
wedge growth impeding iris, surgery requi

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14
Q

Chemical conjunctivitis

A

Acute burning/ pain. corneal abrasion

Tx: Irrigate

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15
Q

Perforating Globe

A

From penetrating trauma, look for anterior chamber depth, misshaped pupil. Emergency referral

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16
Q

Corneal abrasion definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

corneal epithelial tissue. Feels like something is present. Acute onset pain, Tearing, light sensitivity, inability to open eyelids. use fluorescein dye.
Tx: topical antibiotics (1-2 day heals)
Never leave anesthesia around = Anesthetic Keratitis, corneal transplant.

17
Q

Corneal ulcer (Keratitis) definition, causes, PE, Tx

A

Lens abuse or infection.
Eye pain, photophobia, tearing, decreased vision.
Conjuctival injection at limbus, hazy with Hypopyon = Herpes Simplex
Tx: referal, antibactrial, Acyclovir (HSV)

18
Q

Blow out fracture

A

trauma of orbit. Enopthalmos. Pain, diplopia, contricted EOM, Step off, Dx: CT Tx: refer, empiric augmentin.

19
Q

uveitis/iritis TX, PE

A

Systemic Inflammation.
Low IOP, iris inflammation, decrease vision, unilateral. Hazy, Tx: Dilate pupil for synichae, Prednosome, PE: cells and flare (proteins and WBC). HSV, Ankulosping spondilities, IBD, arthritis.

20
Q

AACG

A

increased IOP. Tx: control IOP IV Azet & miotic drop & beta blocker. Laser
Emergency, common on boards.
Dark is worse (pupils dark) contiunous aq humor productoin. extreme eye pain, halos, N/V, headache photophobia. PE: descreased vision, steamy cornea and cresent shadow. Acute onset

21
Q

COAG

A

Gradual nerve damage = loss of vision. Increasing IOP mechanical obstruction. Pt exam over 40 (2-5 years), diabetic = yearly exam.
Cup to disk ratio increase.
PE: asympt to bilateral
Dx: 2/3 parameter, IOP increase, visual field, optic disk.
Tx: refer, Timodol (decrease IOP), Laser Trabeculoplasty
.

Foundations II (6 decks)

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