Eyes Flashcards
This term is used to describe a unilateral deficit of neuro-visual pathways that favors the visual input from the dominate eye
Ambloypia
The Red reflex should be tested at each visit. What does this test allow the NP to do?
Red reflex should be present and symmetrical. If not, consider: Refractive errors, strabismic deviation, abnormal occular media
Abnormal occular media findings include:
Cataract, corneal abnormalities, retinoblastoma
If a red reflex is not obtainable, a good rule of thumb is:
If the provider can not see into the eye, the patient can not see out.
A mal-alignment of the eyes is called:
Strabismus
Pseudo-strabismus occurs when:
There is an extra-optic cause of the mal-alignment. Such as: a structural visual field obscuration, Ptosis, closely placed eyes, prominent epicanathal folds.
Near-sightedness is called:
Myopia
Far-sightedness is called
Hyperopia
An abnormal curvature of the cornea or an uneven lens is is called:
Astigmatism
Regarding strabismus, what is the difference between tropia and phoria?
Tropia: a consistent or intermittent misalignment of ocular position that the child can not correct with focus or fixation
Phoria: An intermittent misalignment of the of ocular position that the child can correct with focus or fixation
What is the other name for Ptosis? (droopy eyelid)
Blepharoptosis
What is the term used to describe a different refractory error in each eye? (each eye requires different correction)
Anisometropia
A newborn can have strabismus and/or nystagmus until about what age?
5-6 months old
Name four types of nystagmic motions
Horizontal, Vertical, Rotary, Mixed
What is the most common cause of abnormal pupillary reflex?
Cataracts
This disease is a disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid that results in increased IOP and damage to the optic nerve
Glaucoma
30% of patients with glaucoma will manifest the “Classic Triad” of glaucoma. What comprises the triad?
Tearing, photophobia and excessive blinking
Children most at risk for ROP include:
Those born at less than 30 weeks gestation
Birth weight less than 1500 grams
Those born <34 weeks with “unstable hospital course”
The most common finding in retinoblastoma is
Strabismus
also: a unilateral or bilateral leukokoria (a white pupil
What are the 6 types of conjunctivitis?
- Opthalmia neonatorum
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
- Viral conjunctivitis
- Allergic conjunctivitis
- Inclusion Conjunctivitis*
Define Hordeolum:
Tender, Red Furuncle on the eye lid. Acute development. It is a result of an infection of the sebaceous or meibomian glands of the eyelid. Also called a “Stye”
Define Chalazion:
Slow progressive, non-tender erythemia of the eyelid. It is a result of lipogranuloma of the meibomian gland
Define Blepharitis:
an inflammation of the eyelash follicles or glands of the eyelids. Often bilateral. Often caused by contaminated contact lenses or eye makeup.
Define Dacrostenosis:
An abnormal obstruction of the nasolactimal duct that prevents tears from flowing into the nasal mucosa. It is common in neonates and usually resolves.
Define Dacrocystitis:
An inflammation of the nasolacimal duct with resultant infection. Can occur in URI, and with those with craniofacial disorders and Down’s syndrome.
Kerititis and Corneal ulcerations are both considered
Ophthalmologic Emergencies because the can cause blindness
A sign of Uveitis is (infection of the anterior chamber)
Hypopyon (A puddle of pus at the bottom of the anterior chamber)
A visual “shower of floaters” or flashes of light in a visual feild is indicative of
Retinal detachment
Define Hyphema
An accumulation (puddle) of blood in the anterior chamber as a result of blunt occular trauma.
Chemical burns to the eye need to be irrigated until the tear film pH level reaches what range?
7.3-7.7
Then recheck it 30 minutes later.
