Eyes

Question 1

This term is used to describe a unilateral deficit of neuro-visual pathways that favors the visual input from the dominate eye

Answer 1

Ambloypia

Question 2

The Red reflex should be tested at each visit. What does this test allow the NP to do?

Answer 2

Red reflex should be present and symmetrical. If not, consider: Refractive errors, strabismic deviation, abnormal occular media

Question 3

Abnormal occular media findings include:

Answer 3

Cataract, corneal abnormalities, retinoblastoma

Question 4

If a red reflex is not obtainable, a good rule of thumb is:

Answer 4

If the provider can not see into the eye, the patient can not see out.

Question 5

A mal-alignment of the eyes is called:

Answer 5

Strabismus

Question 6

Pseudo-strabismus occurs when:

Answer 6

There is an extra-optic cause of the mal-alignment. Such as: a structural visual field obscuration, Ptosis, closely placed eyes, prominent epicanathal folds.

Question 7

Near-sightedness is called:

Answer 7

Myopia

Question 8

Far-sightedness is called

Answer 8

Hyperopia

Question 9

An abnormal curvature of the cornea or an uneven lens is is called:

Answer 9

Astigmatism

Question 10

Regarding strabismus, what is the difference between tropia and phoria?

Answer 10

Tropia: a consistent or intermittent misalignment of ocular position that the child can not correct with focus or fixation
Phoria: An intermittent misalignment of the of ocular position that the child can correct with focus or fixation

Question 11

What is the other name for Ptosis? (droopy eyelid)

Answer 11

Blepharoptosis

Question 12

What is the term used to describe a different refractory error in each eye? (each eye requires different correction)

Answer 12

Anisometropia

Question 13

A newborn can have strabismus and/or nystagmus until about what age?

Answer 13

5-6 months old

Question 14

Name four types of nystagmic motions

Answer 14

Horizontal, Vertical, Rotary, Mixed

Question 15

What is the most common cause of abnormal pupillary reflex?

Answer 15

Cataracts

Question 16

This disease is a disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid that results in increased IOP and damage to the optic nerve

Answer 16

Glaucoma

Question 17

30% of patients with glaucoma will manifest the “Classic Triad” of glaucoma. What comprises the triad?

Answer 17

Tearing, photophobia and excessive blinking

Question 18

Children most at risk for ROP include:

Answer 18

Those born at less than 30 weeks gestation
Birth weight less than 1500 grams
Those born <34 weeks with “unstable hospital course”

Question 19

The most common finding in retinoblastoma is

Answer 19

Strabismus

also: a unilateral or bilateral leukokoria (a white pupil

Question 20

What are the 6 types of conjunctivitis?

Answer 20

1. Opthalmia neonatorum
2. Bacterial conjunctivitis
3. Chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
4. Viral conjunctivitis
5. Allergic conjunctivitis
6. Inclusion Conjunctivitis*

Question 21

Define Hordeolum:

Answer 21

Tender, Red Furuncle on the eye lid. Acute development. It is a result of an infection of the sebaceous or meibomian glands of the eyelid. Also called a “Stye”

Question 22

Define Chalazion:

Answer 22

Slow progressive, non-tender erythemia of the eyelid. It is a result of lipogranuloma of the meibomian gland

Question 23

Define Blepharitis:

Answer 23

an inflammation of the eyelash follicles or glands of the eyelids. Often bilateral. Often caused by contaminated contact lenses or eye makeup.

Question 24

Define Dacrostenosis:

Answer 24

An abnormal obstruction of the nasolactimal duct that prevents tears from flowing into the nasal mucosa. It is common in neonates and usually resolves.

Question 25

Define Dacrocystitis:

Answer 25

An inflammation of the nasolacimal duct with resultant infection. Can occur in URI, and with those with craniofacial disorders and Down’s syndrome.

Question 26

Kerititis and Corneal ulcerations are both considered

Answer 26

Ophthalmologic Emergencies because the can cause blindness

Question 27

A sign of Uveitis is (infection of the anterior chamber)

Answer 27

Hypopyon (A puddle of pus at the bottom of the anterior chamber)

Question 28

A visual “shower of floaters” or flashes of light in a visual feild is indicative of

Answer 28

Retinal detachment

Question 29

Define Hyphema

Answer 29

An accumulation (puddle) of blood in the anterior chamber as a result of blunt occular trauma.

Question 30

Chemical burns to the eye need to be irrigated until the tear film pH level reaches what range?

Answer 30

7.3-7.7

Then recheck it 30 minutes later.